Power Headroom Report Based on Dynamic Pathloss Estimation

ABSTRACT

A base station transmits, to a wireless device, one or more configuration parameters comprising a pathloss reference signal update parameter that enables an activation command to update pathloss reference signals of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The base station receives, from the wireless device and based on the one or more configuration parameters comprising the pathloss reference signal update parameter, a power headroom report computed based on a pathloss estimation of a pathloss reference signal associated with a PUSCH pathloss reference signal identifier mapped to a sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI)-PUSCH power control parameter set with an index equal to zero.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/848,803, filed Jun. 24, 2022, which is a continuation ofInternational Application No. PCT/US2021/012937, filed Jan. 11, 2021,which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/959,059,filed Jan. 9, 2020, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entireties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosureare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example mobile communication networks inwhich embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate a New Radio (NR) user planeand control plane protocol stack.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocollayers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR userplane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively illustrate a mapping between logicalchannels, transport channels, and physical channels for the downlink anduplink.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into whichOFDM symbols are grouped.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time andfrequency domain for an NR carrier.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using threeconfigured BWPs for an NR carrier.

FIG. 10A illustrates three carrier aggregation configurations with twocomponent carriers.

FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may beconfigured into one or more PUCCH groups.

FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS/PBCH block structure andlocation.

FIG. 11B illustrates an example of CSI-RSs that are mapped in the timeand frequency domains.

FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B respectively illustrate examples of three downlinkand uplink beam management procedures.

FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C respectively illustrate a four-stepcontention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-freerandom access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for abandwidth part.

FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCItransmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device in communicationwith a base station.

FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 16C, and FIG. 16D illustrate example structuresfor uplink and downlink transmission.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a power control configuration forPUSCH as per an aspect of an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a MAC CE for power control as per anaspect of an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram of a power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example of power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a MAC CE for power control as per anaspect of an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flow diagram of power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 is a flow diagram of power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is a flow diagram of power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of power control as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the present disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examplesof how the disclosed techniques may be implemented and/or how thedisclosed techniques may be practiced in environments and scenarios. Itwill be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that variouschanges in form and detail can be made therein without departing fromthe scope. In fact, after reading the description, it will be apparentto one skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternativeembodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of thedescribed exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings. Limitations, features, and/or elements from the disclosedexample embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments withinthe scope of the disclosure. Any figures which highlight thefunctionality and advantages, are presented for example purposes only.The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable,such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown. For example,the actions listed in any flowchart may be re-ordered or only optionallyused in some embodiments.

Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosedmechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example,in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, acombination of the above, and/or the like. Example criteria may bebased, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network nodeconfigurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes,traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and/or the like.When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments maybe applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement exampleembodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices and/or base stations may support multiple technologies, and/ormultiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have somespecific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). When this disclosure refers to a base stationcommunicating with a plurality of wireless devices, this disclosure mayrefer to a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. Thisdisclosure may refer to, for example, a plurality of wireless devices ofa given LTE or 5G release with a given capability and in a given sectorof the base station. The plurality of wireless devices in thisdisclosure may refer to a selected plurality of wireless devices, and/ora subset of total wireless devices in a coverage area which performaccording to disclosed methods, and/or the like. There may be aplurality of base stations or a plurality of wireless devices in acoverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods, forexample, those wireless devices or base stations may perform based onolder releases of LTE or 5G technology.

In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any termthat ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one”and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to beinterpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” isindicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of oneof a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, beemployed by one or more of the various embodiments. The terms“comprises” and “consists of”, as used herein, enumerate one or morecomponents of the element being described. The term “comprises” isinterchangeable with “includes” and does not exclude unenumeratedcomponents from being included in the element being described. Bycontrast, “consists of” provides a complete enumeration of the one ormore components of the element being described. The term “based on”, asused herein, should be interpreted as “based at least in part on” ratherthan, for example, “based solely on”. The term “and/or” as used hereinrepresents any possible combination of enumerated elements. For example,“A, B, and/or C” may represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A,B, and C.

If A and B are sets and every element of A is an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1,cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on”(or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase followingthe term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “inresponse at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following thephrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending atleast to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “dependingon” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.The phrase “employing/using” (or equally “employing/using at least”) isindicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing/using” is anexample of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or maynot, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayrefer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics ormay be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state.

In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, orInformation elements: IEs) may comprise one or more information objects,and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. Forexample, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter(IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprisesparameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, andN comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messagescomprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in theplurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages,but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

Many features presented are described as being optional through the useof “may” or the use of parentheses. For the sake of brevity andlegibility, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite each andevery permutation that may be obtained by choosing from the set ofoptional features. The present disclosure is to be interpreted asexplicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a systemdescribed as having three optional features may be embodied in sevenways, namely with just one of the three possible features, with any twoof the three possible features or with three of the three possiblefeatures.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element thatperforms a defined function and has a defined interface to otherelements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented inhardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g.hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, which maybe behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may be implemented as asoftware routine written in a computer language configured to beexecuted by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic,Matlab or the like) or a modeling/simulation program such as Simulink,Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript. It may be possible toimplement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete orprogrammable analog, digital and/or quantum hardware. Examples ofprogrammable hardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers,microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices(CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmedusing languages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs andCPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL)such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog thatconfigure connections between internal hardware modules with lesserfunctionality on a programmable device. The mentioned technologies areoften used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 inwhich embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Themobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public landmobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG.1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN)102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to oneor more data networks (DNs), such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet),private DNs, and/or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interfacefunctionality, the CN 102 may set up end-to-end connections between thewireless device 106 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the wirelessdevice 106, and provide charging functionality.

The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 throughradio communications over an air interface. As part of the radiocommunications, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resourcemanagement, and retransmission protocols. The communication directionfrom the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 over the air interface isknown as the downlink and the communication direction from the wirelessdevice 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink.Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions usingfrequency division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD),and/or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to referto and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device forwhich wireless communication is needed or usable. For example, awireless device may be a telephone, smart phone, tablet, computer,laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (IoT) device,vehicle road side unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and/or anycombination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses otherterminology, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), accessterminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit and receiveunit (WTRU), and/or wireless communication device.

The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The termbase station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to andencompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and/or 3G standards), anEvolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and/or 4G standards), aremote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one ormore RRHs, a repeater node or relay node used to extend the coveragearea of a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), aGeneration Node B (gNB, associated with NR and/or 5G standards), anaccess point (AP, associated with, for example, WiFi or any othersuitable wireless communication standard), and/or any combinationthereof. A base station may comprise at least one gNB Central Unit(gNB-CU) and at least one a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).

A base station included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets ofantennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 over the airinterface. For example, one or more of the base stations may includethree sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors).The size of a cell may be determined by a range at which a receiver(e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive thetransmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter)operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations mayprovide radio coverage to the wireless device 106 over a wide geographicarea to support wireless device mobility.

In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of basestations are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations inthe RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectored site with more or less thanthree sectors. One or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may beimplemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled toseveral remote radio heads (RRHs), and/or as a repeater or relay nodeused to extend the coverage area of a donor node. A baseband processingunit coupled to RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RANarchitecture, where the baseband processing unit may be eithercentralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. Arepeater node may amplify and rebroadcast a radio signal received from adonor node. A relay node may perform the same/similar functions as arepeater node but may decode the radio signal received from the donornode to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radiosignal.

The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogenous network of macrocell basestations that have similar antenna patterns and similar high-leveltransmit powers. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network.In heterogeneous networks, small cell base stations may be used toprovide small coverage areas, for example, coverage areas that overlapwith the comparatively larger coverage areas provided by macrocell basestations. The small coverage areas may be provided in areas with highdata traffic (or so-called “hotspots”) or in areas with weak macrocellcoverage. Examples of small cell base stations include, in order ofdecreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell basestations, and femtocell base stations or home base stations.

The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 toprovide global standardization of specifications for mobilecommunication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100in FIG. 1A. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for threegenerations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known asUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation(4G) network known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation(5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the presentdisclosure are described with reference to the RAN of a 3GPP 5G network,referred to as next-generation RAN (NG-RAN). Embodiments may beapplicable to RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as theRAN 104 in FIG. 1A, the RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and those offuture networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP 6G network). NG-RANimplements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may beprovisioned to implement 4G radio access technology or other radioaccess technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.

FIG. 1B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 inwhich embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Mobilecommunication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a networkoperator. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, mobile communication network 150includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and156B (collectively UEs 156). These components may be implemented andoperate in the same or similar manner as corresponding componentsdescribed with respect to FIG. 1A.

The 5G-CN 152 provides the UEs 156 with an interface to one or more DNs,such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and/orintra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the 5G-CN152 may set up end-to-end connections between the UEs 156 and the one ormore DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide charging functionality.Compared to the CN of a 3GPP 4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 maybe a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of thenodes making up the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions thatoffer services via interfaces to other network functions. The networkfunctions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, includingas network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as softwareinstances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualizedfunctions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and MobilityManagement Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B,which are shown as one component AMF/UPF 158 in FIG. 1B for ease ofillustration. The UPF 158B may serve as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154and the one or more DNs. The UPF 158B may perform functions such aspacket routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policyrule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification tosupport routing of traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality ofservice (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering,gating, uplink/downlink rate enforcement, and uplink trafficverification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notificationtriggering. The UPF 158B may serve as an anchor point forintra-/inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an externalprotocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect tothe one or more DNs, and/or a branching point to support a multi-homedPDU session. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services through aPDU session, which is a logical connection between a UE and a DN.

The AMF 158A may perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS)signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS)security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPPaccess networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and executionof paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-systemand inter-system mobility support, access authentication, accessauthorization including checking of roaming rights, mobility managementcontrol (subscription and policies), network slicing support, and/orsession management function (SMF) selection. NAS may refer to thefunctionality operating between a CN and a UE, and AS may refer to thefunctionality operating between the UE and a RAN.

The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions thatare not shown in FIG. 1B for the sake of clarity. For example, the 5G-CN152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), anNR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a NetworkExposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an ApplicationFunction (AF), and/or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UEs 156 through radiocommunications over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one ormore gNBs, illustrated as gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively gNBs 160)and/or one or more ng-eNBs, illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B(collectively ng-eNBs 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may be moregenerically referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UEs156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160and/or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennasto respectively control three cells (or sectors). Together, the cells ofthe gNBs 160 and the ng-eNBs 162 may provide radio coverage to the UEs156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the gNBs 160 and/or the ng-eNBs 162 may beconnected to the 5G-CN 152 by means of an NG interface and to other basestations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces may be establishedusing direct physical connections and/or indirect connections over anunderlying transport network, such as an internet protocol (IP)transport network. The gNBs 160 and/or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connectedto the UEs 156 by means of a Uu interface. For example, as illustratedin FIG. 1B, gNB 160A may be connected to the UE 156A by means of a Uuinterface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with a protocolstack. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces may be used bythe network elements in FIG. 1B to exchange data and signaling messagesand may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The userplane may handle data of interest to a user. The control plane mayhandle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

The gNBs 160 and/or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to one or moreAMF/UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF/UPF 158, by means ofone or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A may be connected tothe UPF 158B of the AMF/UPF 158 by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U)interface. The NG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g., non-guaranteeddelivery) of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B. ThegNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A by means of an NG-Controlplane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NGinterface management, UE context management, UE mobility management,transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, andconfiguration transfer and/or warning message transmission.

The gNBs 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UEs 156 over the Uu interface. For example, thegNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocolterminations toward the UE 156A over a Uu interface associated with afirst protocol stack. The ng-eNBs 162 may provide Evolved UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UEs 156 over a Uu interface, where E-UTRArefers to the 3GPP 4G radio-access technology. For example, the ng-eNB162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UE 156B over a Uu interface associated with asecond protocol stack.

The 5G-CN 152 was described as being configured to handle NR and 4Gradio accesses. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in theart that it may be possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in amode known as “non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, a4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control-planefunctionality (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Althoughonly one AMF/UPF 158 is shown in FIG. 1B, one gNB or ng-eNB may beconnected to multiple AMF/UPF nodes to provide redundancy and/or to loadshare across the multiple AMF/UPF nodes.

As discussed, an interface (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) between thenetwork elements in FIG. 1B may be associated with a protocol stack thatthe network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. Aprotocol stack may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane.The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the controlplane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate examples of NR user planeand NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interface that liesbetween a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacks illustrated in FIG.2A and FIG. 2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uuinterface between, for example, the UE 156A and the gNB 160A shown inFIG. 1B.

FIG. 2A illustrates a NR user plane protocol stack comprising fivelayers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of theprotocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transportservices to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspondto layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The nextfour protocols above PHYs 211 and 221 comprise media access controllayers (MACs) 212 and 222, radio link control layers (RLCs) 213 and 223,packet data convergence protocol layers (PDCPs) 214 and 224, and servicedata application protocol layers (SDAPs) 215 and 225. Together, thesefour protocols may make up layer 2, or the data link layer, of the OSImodel.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocollayers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top ofFIG. 2A and FIG. 3 , the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flowhandling. The UE 210 may receive services through a PDU session, whichmay be a logical connection between the UE 210 and a DN. The PDU sessionmay have one or more QoS flows. A UPF of a CN (e.g., the UPF 158B) maymap IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based onQoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and/or errorrate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping/de-mapping between theone or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. Themapping/de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers maybe determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radiobearers through reflective mapping or control signaling received fromthe gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 maymark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which may beobserved by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine themapping/de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers.

The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform header compression/decompression toreduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the airinterface, ciphering/deciphering to prevent unauthorized decoding ofdata transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (toensure control messages originate from intended sources. The PDCPs 214and 224 may perform retransmissions of undelivered packets, in-sequencedelivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received induplicate due to, for example, an intra-gNB handover. The PDCPs 214 and224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of thepacket being received and, at the receiver, remove any duplicatepackets. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require highreliability.

Although not shown in FIG. 3 , PDCPs 214 and 224 may performmapping/de-mapping between a split radio bearer and RLC channels in adual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allowsa UE to connect to two cells or, more generally, two cell groups: amaster cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split beareris when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearers providedby the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, ishandled by cell groups in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 maymap/de-map the split radio bearer between RLC channels belonging to cellgroups.

The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission throughAutomatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data unitsreceived from MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 maysupport three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledgedmode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode anRLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the notedfunctions. The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with nodependency on numerologies and/or Transmission Time Interval (TTI)durations. As shown in FIG. 3 , the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLCchannels as a service to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

The MACs 212 and 222 may perform multiplexing/demultiplexing of logicalchannels and/or mapping between logical channels and transport channels.The multiplexing/demultiplexing may include multiplexing/demultiplexingof data units, belonging to the one or more logical channels, into/fromTransport Blocks (TBs) delivered to/from the PHYs 211 and 221. The MAC222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling informationreporting, and priority handling between UEs by means of dynamicscheduling. Scheduling may be performed in the gNB 220 (at the MAC 222)for downlink and uplink. The MACs 212 and 222 may be configured toperform error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)(e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)),priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by means oflogical channel prioritization, and/or padding. The MACs 212 and 222 maysupport one or more numerologies and/or transmission timings. In anexample, mapping restrictions in a logical channel prioritization maycontrol which numerology and/or transmission timing a logical channelmay use. As shown in FIG. 3 , the MACs 212 and 222 may provide logicalchannels as a service to the RLCs 213 and 223.

The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels tophysical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions forsending and receiving information over the air interface. These digitaland analog signal processing functions may include, for example,coding/decoding and modulation/demodulation. The PHYs 211 and 221 mayperform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG. 3 , the PHYs 211 and 221may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212and 222.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR userplane protocol stack. FIG. 4A illustrates a downlink data flow of threeIP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack togenerate two TBs at the gNB 220. An uplink data flow through the NR userplane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow depictedin FIG. 4A.

The downlink data flow of FIG. 4A begins when SDAP 225 receives thethree IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packetsto radio bearers. In FIG. 4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 toa first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to a second radio bearer404. An SDAP header (labeled with an “H” in FIG. 4A) is added to an IPpacket. The data unit from/to a higher protocol layer is referred to asa service data unit (SDU) of the lower protocol layer and the data unitto/from a lower protocol layer is referred to as a protocol data unit(PDU) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG. 4A, the data unitfrom the SDAP 225 is an SDU of lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and is aPDU of the SDAP 225.

The remaining protocol layers in FIG. 4A may perform their associatedfunctionality (e.g., with respect to FIG. 3 ), add correspondingheaders, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer.For example, the PDCP 224 may perform IP-header compression andciphering and forward its output to the RLC 223. The RLC 223 mayoptionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG.4A) and forward its output to the MAC 222. The MAC 222 may multiplex anumber of RLC PDUs and may attach a MAC subheader to an RLC PDU to forma transport block. In NR, the MAC subheaders may be distributed acrossthe MAC PDU, as illustrated in FIG. 4A. In LTE, the MAC subheaders maybe entirely located at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDUstructure may reduce processing time and associated latency because theMAC PDU subheaders may be computed before the full MAC PDU is assembled.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field for indicating thelength (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU to which the MAC subheadercorresponds; a logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifyingthe logical channel from which the MAC SDU originated to aid in thedemultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDUlength field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

FIG. 4B further illustrates MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into theMAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG. 4Billustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may beinserted at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmissions (asshown in FIG. 4B) and at the end of a MAC PDU for uplink transmissions.MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEsinclude: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports andpower headroom reports; activation/deactivation MAC CEs, such as thosefor activation/deactivation of PDCP duplication detection, channel stateinformation (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS)transmission, and prior configured components; discontinuous reception(DRX) related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access relatedMAC CEs. A MAC CE may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a similarformat as described for MAC SDUs and may be identified with a reservedvalue in the LCID field that indicates the type of control informationincluded in the MAC CE.

Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, logical channels,transport channels, and physical channels are first described as well asa mapping between the channel types. One or more of the channels may beused to carry out functions associated with the NR control planeprotocol stack described later below.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate, for downlink and uplink respectively, amapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physicalchannels. Information is passed through channels between the RLC, theMAC, and the PHY of the NR protocol stack. A logical channel may be usedbetween the RLC and the MAC and may be classified as a control channelthat carries control and configuration information in the NR controlplane or as a traffic channel that carries data in the NR user plane. Alogical channel may be classified as a dedicated logical channel that isdedicated to a specific UE or as a common logical channel that may beused by more than one UE. A logical channel may also be defined by thetype of information it carries. The set of logical channels defined byNR include, for example:

-   -   a paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages        used to page a UE whose location is not known to the network on        a cell level;    -   a broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system        information messages in the form of a master information block        (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIBs), wherein the        system information messages may be used by the UEs to obtain        information about how a cell is configured and how to operate        within the cell;    -   a common control channel (CCCH) for carrying control messages        together with random access;    -   a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for carrying control messages        to/from a specific the UE to configure the UE; and    -   a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) for carrying user data        to/from a specific the UE.

Transport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may bedefined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the airinterface. The set of transport channels defined by NR include, forexample:

-   -   a paging channel (PCH) for carrying paging messages that        originated from the PCCH;    -   a broadcast channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH;    -   a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for carrying downlink data        and signaling messages, including the SIBs from the BCCH;    -   an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for carrying uplink data and        signaling messages; and    -   a random access channel (RACH) for allowing a UE to contact the        network without any prior scheduling.

The PHY may use physical channels to pass information between processinglevels of the PHY. A physical channel may have an associated set oftime-frequency resources for carrying the information of one or moretransport channels. The PHY may generate control information to supportthe low-level operation of the PHY and provide the control informationto the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels, known asL1/L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physicalcontrol channels defined by NR include, for example:

-   -   a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from        the BCH;    -   a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink        data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH, as well as paging        messages from the PCH;    -   a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying        downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink        scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power        control commands;    -   a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink        data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and in some        instances uplink control information (UCI) as described below;    -   a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI,        which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality        indicators (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicators (PMI), rank        indicators (RI), and scheduling requests (SR); and    -   a physical random access channel (PRACH) for random access.

Similar to the physical control channels, the physical layer generatesphysical signals to support the low-level operation of the physicallayer. As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the physical layer signalsdefined by NR include: primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondarysynchronization signals (SSS), channel state information referencesignals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), soundingreference signals (SRS), and phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS).These physical layer signals will be described in greater detail below.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example NR control plane protocol stack. As shownin FIG. 2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the same/similarfirst four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack.These four protocol layers include the PHYs 211 and 221, the MACs 212and 222, the RLCs 213 and 223, and the PDCPs 214 and 224. Instead ofhaving the SDAPs 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR userplane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resourcecontrols (RRCs) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top ofthe NR control plane protocol stack.

The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionalitybetween the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., the AMF 158A) or, moregenerally, between the UE 210 and the CN. The NAS protocols 217 and 237may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF230 via signaling messages, referred to as NAS messages. There is nodirect path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 through which the NASmessages can be transported. The NAS messages may be transported usingthe AS of the Uu and NG interfaces. NAS protocols 217 and 237 mayprovide control plane functionality such as authentication, security,connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between theUE 210 and the gNB 220 or, more generally, between the UE 210 and theRAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionalitybetween the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages, referred toas RRC messages. RRC messages may be transmitted between the UE 210 andthe RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same/similar PDCP, RLC,MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex control-plane anduser-plane data into the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226may provide control plane functionality such as: broadcast of systeminformation related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by the CN or theRAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection betweenthe UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management;establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radiobearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS managementfunctions; the UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting;detection of and recovery from radio link failure (RLF); and/or NASmessage transfer. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRCs 216and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve configuringparameters for communication between the UE 210 and the RAN.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. TheUE may be the same or similar to the wireless device 106 depicted inFIG. 1A, the UE 210 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any otherwireless device described in the present disclosure. As illustrated inFIG. 6 , a UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRCinactive 606 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE).

In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may haveat least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may besimilar to one of the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104depicted in FIG. 1A, one of the gNBs 160 or ng-eNBs 162 depicted in FIG.1B, the gNB 220 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other basestation described in the present disclosure. The base station with whichthe UE is connected may have the RRC context for the UE. The RRCcontext, referred to as the UE context, may comprise parameters forcommunication between the UE and the base station. These parameters mayinclude, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio linkconfiguration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g.,relating to a data radio bearer, signaling radio bearer, logicalchannel, QoS flow, and/or PDU session); security information; and/orPHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and/or SDAP layer configuration information. Whilein RRC connected 602, mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN(e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure the signallevels (e.g., reference signal levels) from a serving cell andneighboring cells and report these measurements to the base stationcurrently serving the UE. The UE's serving base station may request ahandover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on thereported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC connected602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRCinactive 606 through a connection inactivation procedure 610.

In RRC idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. InRRC idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the basestation. While in RRC idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state for themajority of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wakeup periodically (e.g., once in every discontinuous reception cycle) tomonitor for paging messages from the RAN. Mobility of the UE may bemanaged by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRCstate may transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602 through aconnection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a randomaccess procedure as discussed in greater detail below.

In RRC inactive 606, the RRC context previously established ismaintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a fasttransition to RRC connected 602 with reduced signaling overhead ascompared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602. Whilein RRC inactive 606, the UE may be in a sleep state and mobility of theUE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state maytransition from RRC inactive 606 to RRC connected 602 through aconnection resume procedure 614 or to RRC idle 604 though a connectionrelease procedure 616 that may be the same as or similar to connectionrelease procedure 608.

An RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. InRRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606, mobility is managed by the UE throughcell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle 604 andRRC inactive 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE ofan event via a paging message without having to broadcast the pagingmessage over the entire mobile communications network. The mobilitymanagement mechanism used in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 may allowthe network to track the UE on a cell-group level so that the pagingmessage may be broadcast over the cells of the cell group that the UEcurrently resides within instead of the entire mobile communicationnetwork. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle 604 and RRCinactive 606 track the UE on a cell-group level. They may do so usingdifferent granularities of grouping. For example, there may be threelevels of cell-grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within aRAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within agroup of RAN areas, referred to as a tracking area and identified by atracking area identifier (TAI).

Tracking areas may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN(e.g., the CN 102 or the 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list ofTAIs associated with a UE registration area. If the UE moves, throughcell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI not included in thelist of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE mayperform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update theUE's location and provide the UE with a new the UE registration area.

RAN areas may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRCinactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area. ARAN notification area may comprise one or more cell identities, a listof RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In an example, a base station may belong toone or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell may belong toone or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves, through cellreselection, to a cell not included in the RAN notification areaassigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update withthe RAN to update the UE's RAN notification area.

A base station storing an RRC context for a UE or a last serving basestation of the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. Ananchor base station may maintain an RRC context for the UE at leastduring a period of time that the UE stays in a RAN notification area ofthe anchor base station and/or during a period of time that the UE staysin RRC inactive 606.

A gNB, such as gNBs 160 in FIG. 1B, may be split in two parts: a centralunit (gNB-CU), and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). A gNB-CU maybe coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU maycomprise the RRC, the PDCP, and the SDAP. A gNB-DU may comprise the RLC,the MAC, and the PHY.

In NR, the physical signals and physical channels (discussed withrespect to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequencydivisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is a multicarriercommunication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers(or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series ofcomplex symbols (e.g., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) orM-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), referred to as source symbols,and divided into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbolstreams may be treated as though they are in the frequency domain andused as inputs to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block thattransforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block may take in Fsource symbols at a time, one from each of the F parallel symbolstreams, and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phaseof one of F sinusoidal basis functions that correspond to the Forthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be Ftime-domain samples that represent the summation of the F orthogonalsubcarriers. The F time-domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol.After some processing (e.g., addition of a cyclic prefix) andup-conversion, an OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block may betransmitted over the air interface on a carrier frequency. The Fparallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before beingprocessed by the IFFT block. This operation produces Discrete FourierTransform (DFT)-precoded OFDM symbols and may be used by UEs in theuplink to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Inverseprocessing may be performed on the OFDM symbol at a receiver using anFFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into whichOFDM symbols are grouped. An NR frame may be identified by a systemframe number (SFN). The SFN may repeat with a period of 1024 frames. Asillustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration andmay include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. A subframe may bedivided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.

The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDMsymbols of the slot. In NR, a flexible numerology is supported toaccommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrierfrequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in themm-wave range). A numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrierspacing and cyclic prefix duration. For a numerology in NR, subcarrierspacings may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrierspacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix durations may be scaled down bypowers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs. Forexample, NR defines numerologies with the following subcarrierspacing/cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz/4.7 μs; 30 kHz/2.3μs; 60 kHz/1.2 μs; 120 kHz/0.59 μs; and 240 kHz/0.29 μs.

A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols).A numerology with a higher subcarrier spacing has a shorter slotduration and, correspondingly, more slots per subframe. FIG. 7illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration andslots-per-subframe transmission structure (the numerology with asubcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown in FIG. 7 for ease ofillustration). A subframe in NR may be used as a numerology-independenttime reference, while a slot may be used as the unit upon which uplinkand downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency,scheduling in NR may be decoupled from the slot duration and start atany OFDM symbol and last for as many symbols as needed for atransmission. These partial slot transmissions may be referred to asmini-slot or subslot transmissions.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time andfrequency domain for an NR carrier. The slot includes resource elements(REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resourcein NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrierin the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8 . An RB spans twelveconsecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8 . An NRcarrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275×12=3300 subcarriers.Such a limitation, if used, may limit the NR carrier to 50, 100, 200,and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz,respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on a 400 MHzper carrier bandwidth limit.

FIG. 8 illustrates a single numerology being used across the entirebandwidth of the NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiplenumerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

NR may support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for asubcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive thefull carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also,receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive in terms of UEpower consumption. In an example, to reduce power consumption and/or forother purposes, a UE may adapt the size of the UE's receive bandwidthbased on the amount of traffic the UE is scheduled to receive. This isreferred to as bandwidth adaptation.

NR defines bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support UEs not capable ofreceiving the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidthadaptation. In an example, a BWP may be defined by a subset ofcontiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via RRClayer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs perserving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPsper serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPsfor a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referredto as active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configuredwith a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or morefirst active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second activeBWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

For unpaired spectra, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlinkBWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplinkBWPs if a downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and an uplink BWP indexof the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectra, a UE may expectthat a center frequency for a downlink BWP is the same as a centerfrequency for an uplink BWP.

For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primarycell (PCell), a base station may configure a UE with one or more controlresource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search spaceis a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE mayfind control information. The search space may be a UE-specific searchspace or a common search space (potentially usable by a plurality ofUEs). For example, a base station may configure a UE with a commonsearch space, on a PCell or on a primary secondary cell (PSCell), in anactive downlink BWP.

For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, a BS may configurea UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions.A UE may receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in adownlink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrierspacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE maytransmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWPaccording to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing andcyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in Downlink ControlInformation (DCI). A value of a BWP indicator field may indicate whichBWP in a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one ormore downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicatorfields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplinktransmissions.

A base station may semi-statically configure a UE with a defaultdownlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with aPCell. If the base station does not provide the default downlink BWP tothe UE, the default downlink BWP may be an initial active downlink BWP.The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP basedon a CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

A base station may configure a UE with a BWP inactivity timer value fora PCell. The UE may start or restart a BWP inactivity timer at anyappropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWPinactivity timer (a) when the UE detects a DCI indicating an activedownlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for a paired spectraoperation; or (b) when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlinkBWP or active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or uplink BWPfor an unpaired spectra operation. If the UE does not detect DCI duringan interval of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWPinactivity timer toward expiration (for example, increment from zero tothe BWP inactivity timer value, or decrement from the BWP inactivitytimer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE mayswitch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

In an example, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE withone or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to asecond BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP asan active BWP and/or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivitytimer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers toswitching from a currently active BWP to a not currently active BWP) maybe performed independently in paired spectra. In unpaired spectra,downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously.Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI,expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and/or an initiation of randomaccess.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using threeconfigured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with the three BWPsmay switch from one BWP to another BWP at a switching point. In theexample illustrated in FIG. 9 , the BWPs include: a BWP 902 with abandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a BWP 904 with abandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and a BWP 906with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. The BWP902 may be an initial active BWP, and the BWP 904 may be a default BWP.The UE may switch between BWPs at switching points. In the example ofFIG. 9 , the UE may switch from the BWP 902 to the BWP 904 at aswitching point 908. The switching at the switching point 908 may occurfor any suitable reason, for example, in response to an expiry of a BWPinactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and/or inresponse to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UEmay switch at a switching point 910 from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 inresponse receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UEmay switch at a switching point 912 from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 inresponse to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer and/or in responsereceiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switchat a switching point 914 from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 in responsereceiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWPin a set of configured downlink BWPs and a timer value, UE proceduresfor switching BWPs on a secondary cell may be the same/similar as thoseon a primary cell. For example, the UE may use the timer value and thedefault downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same/similar manneras the UE would use these values for a primary cell.

To provide for greater data rates, two or more carriers can beaggregated and simultaneously transmitted to/from the same UE usingcarrier aggregation (CA). The aggregated carriers in CA may be referredto as component carriers (CCs). When CA is used, there are a number ofserving cells for the UE, one for a CC. The CCs may have threeconfigurations in the frequency domain.

FIG. 10A illustrates the three CA configurations with two CCs. In theintraband, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated inthe same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located directlyadjacent to each other within the frequency band. In the intraband,non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in thesame frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in thefrequency band by a gap. In the interband configuration 1006, the twoCCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency bandB).

In an example, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs mayhave the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and/orduplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell for a UE using CA mayhave a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may be optionallyconfigured for a serving cell. The ability to aggregate more downlinkcarriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when the UEhas more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

When CA is used, one of the aggregated cells for a UE may be referred toas a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be the serving cell that the UEinitially connects to at RRC connection establishment, reestablishment,and/or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobilityinformation and the security input. UEs may have different PCells. Inthe downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred toas the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carriercorresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the uplink primary CC(UL PCC). The other aggregated cells for the UE may be referred to assecondary cells (SCells). In an example, the SCells may be configuredafter the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, an SCell may beconfigured through an RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure. In thedownlink, the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be referred to as adownlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier correspondingto the SCell may be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

Configured SCells for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on,for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of an SCellmay mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is stopped andPUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell are stopped. ConfiguredSCells may be activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect toFIG. 4B. For example, a MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit perSCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells)for the UE are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells may bedeactivated in response to an expiration of an SCell deactivation timer(e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

Downlink control information, such as scheduling assignments andscheduling grants, for a cell may be transmitted on the cellcorresponding to the assignments and grants, which is known asself-scheduling. The DCI for the cell may be transmitted on anothercell, which is known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink controlinformation (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, suchas CQI, PMI, and/or RI) for aggregated cells may be transmitted on thePUCCH of the PCell. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, thePUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells may be divided intomultiple PUCCH groups.

FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may beconfigured into one or more PUCCH groups. A PUCCH group 1010 and a PUCCHgroup 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, respectively. In theexample of FIG. 10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: aPCell 1011, an SCell 1012, and an SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050includes three downlink CCs in the present example: a PCell 1051, anSCell 1052, and an SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configuredas a PCell 1021, an SCell 1022, and an SCell 1023. One or more otheruplink CCs may be configured as a primary Scell (PSCell) 1061, an SCell1062, and an SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) related to thedownlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1010, shown as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, andUCI 1033, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PCell 1021. Uplinkcontrol information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group1050, shown as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073, may be transmitted inthe uplink of the PSCell 1061. In an example, if the aggregated cellsdepicted in FIG. 10B were not divided into the PUCCH group 1010 and thePUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell to transmit UCI relating to thedownlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividingtransmissions of UCI between the PCell 1021 and the PSCell 1061,overloading may be prevented.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned with a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physicalcell ID or the cell index may identify a downlink carrier and/or anuplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context inwhich the physical cell ID is used. A physical cell ID may be determinedusing a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink componentcarrier. A cell index may be determined using RRC messages. In thedisclosure, a physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and acell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when thedisclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlinkcarrier, the disclosure may mean the first physical cell ID is for acell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same/similar concept mayapply to, for example, a carrier activation. When the disclosureindicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification may meanthat a cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

In CA, a multi-carrier nature of a PHY may be exposed to a MAC. In anexample, a HARQ entity may operate on a serving cell. A transport blockmay be generated per assignment/grant per serving cell. A transportblock and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transport block may bemapped to a serving cell.

In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast,and/or broadcast) one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to a UE (e.g.,PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and/or PT-RS, as shown in FIG. 5A). In theuplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g.,DMRS, PT-RS, and/or SRS, as shown in FIG. 5B). The PSS and the SSS maybe transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize theUE to the base station. The PSS and the SSS may be provided in asynchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block thatincludes the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The base station mayperiodically transmit a burst of SS/PBCH blocks.

FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS/PBCH block's structure andlocation. A burst of SS/PBCH blocks may include one or more SS/PBCHblocks (e.g., 4 SS/PBCH blocks, as shown in FIG. 11A). Bursts may betransmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). A burst may berestricted to a half-frame (e.g., a first half-frame having a durationof 5 ms). It will be understood that FIG. 11A is an example, and thatthese parameters (number of SS/PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity ofbursts, position of burst within the frame) may be configured based on,for example: a carrier frequency of a cell in which the SS/PBCH block istransmitted; a numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell; aconfiguration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any othersuitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacingfor the SS/PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored,unless the radio network configured the UE to assume a differentsubcarrier spacing.

The SS/PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain(e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as shown in the example of FIG. 11A) and may spanone or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 contiguoussubcarriers). The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may have a common centerfrequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after thePSS (e.g., two symbols later) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across thenext 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

The location of the SS/PBCH block in the time and frequency domains maynot be known to the UE (e.g., if the UE is searching for the cell). Tofind and select the cell, the UE may monitor a carrier for the PSS. Forexample, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. Ifthe PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE maysearch for the PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier,as indicated by a synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at alocation in the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine, basedon a known structure of the SS/PBCH block, the locations of the SSS andthe PBCH, respectively. The SS/PBCH block may be a cell-defining SSblock (CD-SSB). In an example, a primary cell may be associated with aCD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization raster. In anexample, a cell selection/search and/or reselection may be based on theCD-SSB.

The SS/PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or moreparameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physicalcell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequences of the PSS andthe SSS, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frameboundary of the cell based on the location of the SS/PBCH block. Forexample, the SS/PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted inaccordance with a transmission pattern, wherein a SS/PBCH block in thetransmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

The PBCH may use a QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction(FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by thePBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCHmay include an indication of a current system frame number (SFN) of thecell and/or a SS/PBCH block timing index. These parameters mayfacilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCHmay include a master information block (MIB) used to provide the UE withone or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to locateremaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell.The RMSI may include a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). The SIB1may contain information needed by the UE to access the cell. The UE mayuse one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor PDCCH, which may beused to schedule PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1. The SIB1 may bedecoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate anabsence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1, theUE may be pointed to a frequency. The UE may search for an SS/PBCH blockat the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

The UE may assume that one or more SS/PBCH blocks transmitted with asame SS/PBCH block index are quasi co-located (QCLed) (e.g., having thesame/similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay,and/or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS/PBCHblock transmissions having different SS/PBCH block indices.

SS/PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted inspatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span a coveragearea of the cell). In an example, a first SS/PBCH block may betransmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and asecond SS/PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial directionusing a second beam.

In an example, within a frequency span of a carrier, a base station maytransmit a plurality of SS/PBCH blocks. In an example, a first PCI of afirst SS/PBCH block of the plurality of SS/PBCH blocks may be differentfrom a second PCI of a second SS/PBCH block of the plurality of SS/PBCHblocks. The PCIs of SS/PBCH blocks transmitted in different frequencylocations may be different or the same.

The CSI-RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE toacquire channel state information (CSI). The base station may configurethe UE with one or more CSI-RSs for channel estimation or any othersuitable purpose. The base station may configure a UE with one or moreof the same/similar CSI-RSs. The UE may measure the one or more CSI-RSs.The UE may estimate a downlink channel state and/or generate a CSIreport based on the measuring of the one or more downlink CSI-RSs. TheUE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station mayuse feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channelstate) to perform link adaptation.

The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or moreCSI-RS resource sets. A CSI-RS resource may be associated with alocation in the time and frequency domains and a periodicity. The basestation may selectively activate and/or deactivate a CSI-RS resource.The base station may indicate to the UE that a CSI-RS resource in theCSI-RS resource set is activated and/or deactivated.

The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. Thebase station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically,aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UEmay be configured with a timing and/or periodicity of a plurality of CSIreports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request a CSIreport. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure aconfigured CSI-RS resource and provide a CSI report relating to themeasurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station mayconfigure the UE to transmit periodically, and selectively activate ordeactivate the periodic reporting. The base station may configure the UEwith a CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

The CSI-RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters indicating,for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to employthe same OFDM symbols for a downlink CSI-RS and a control resource set(CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCLed andresource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of thephysical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE maybe configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS andSS/PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS and SS/PBCH blocks are spatiallyQCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS areoutside of PRBs configured for the SS/PBCH blocks.

Downlink DMRSs may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE forchannel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used forcoherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g.,PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and/orconfigurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlinkDMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. Afront-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., oneor two adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-staticallyconfigure the UE with a number (e.g. a maximum number) of front-loadedDMRS symbols for PDSCH. A DMRS configuration may support one or moreDMRS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DMRS configuration maysupport up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. Formultiuser-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to 4 orthogonaldownlink DMRS ports per UE. A radio network may support (e.g., at leastfor CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein aDMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and/or a scrambling sequence may be thesame or different. The base station may transmit a downlink DMRS and acorresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use theone or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation/channel estimationof the PDSCH.

In an example, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precodermatrices for a part of a transmission bandwidth. For example, thetransmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and asecond precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrixand the second precoder matrix may be different based on the firstbandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assumethat a same precoding matrix is used across a set of PRBs. The set ofPRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

A PDSCH may comprise one or more layers. The UE may assume that at leastone symbol with DMRS is present on a layer of the one or more layers ofthe PDSCH. A higher layer may configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.

Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE forphase-noise compensation. Whether a downlink PT-RS is present or not maydepend on an RRC configuration. The presence and/or pattern of thedownlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using acombination of RRC signaling and/or an association with one or moreparameters employed for other purposes (e.g., modulation and codingscheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamicpresence of a downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCIparameters comprising at least MCS. An NR network may support aplurality of PT-RS densities defined in the time and/or frequencydomains. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated withat least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume asame precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS portsmay be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource.Downlink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time/frequency durationfor the UE. Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitatephase tracking at the receiver.

The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channelestimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS forcoherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. Forexample, the UE may transmit an uplink DMRS with a PUSCH and/or a PUCCH.The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies that is similar to arange of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel.The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRSconfigurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support afront-loaded DMRS pattern. The front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over oneor more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One ormore uplink DMRSs may be configured to transmit at one or more symbolsof a PUSCH and/or a PUCCH. The base station may semi-staticallyconfigure the UE with a number (e.g. maximum number) of front-loadedDMRS symbols for the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH, which the UE may use toschedule a single-symbol DMRS and/or a double-symbol DMRS. An NR networkmay support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink,wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and/or a scrambling sequencefor the DMRS may be the same or different.

A PUSCH may comprise one or more layers, and the UE may transmit atleast one symbol with DMRS present on a layer of the one or more layersof the PUSCH. In an example, a higher layer may configure up to threeDMRSs for the PUSCH.

Uplink PT-RS (which may be used by a base station for phase trackingand/or phase-noise compensation) may or may not be present depending onan RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and/or pattern of uplinkPT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of RRCsignaling and/or one or more parameters employed for other purposes(e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated byDCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS may beassociated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. Aradio network may support a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities definedin time/frequency domain. When present, a frequency domain density maybe associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth.The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. Anumber of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in ascheduled resource. For example, uplink PT-RS may be confined in thescheduled time/frequency duration for the UE.

SRS may be transmitted by a UE to a base station for channel stateestimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and/or linkadaptation. SRS transmitted by the UE may allow a base station toestimate an uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. A schedulerat the base station may employ the estimated uplink channel state toassign one or more resource blocks for an uplink PUSCH transmission fromthe UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with oneor more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station mayconfigure the UE with one or more SRS resources. An SRS resource setapplicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter.For example, when a higher layer parameter indicates beam management, anSRS resource in a SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets(e.g., with the same/similar time domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic,and/or the like) may be transmitted at a time instant (e.g.,simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in SRSresource sets. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic and/orsemi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE may transmit SRS resourcesbased on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or more triggertypes may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and/or one or moreDCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format may be employed forthe UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resourcesets. An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on ahigher layer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRStriggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCHand SRS are transmitted in a same slot, the UE may be configured totransmit SRS after a transmission of a PUSCH and a corresponding uplinkDMRS.

The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or moreSRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of following: a SRSresource configuration identifier; a number of SRS ports; time domainbehavior of an SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication ofperiodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, mini-slot, and/orsubframe level periodicity; offset for a periodic and/or an aperiodicSRS resource; a number of OFDM symbols in an SRS resource; a startingOFDM symbol of an SRS resource; an SRS bandwidth; a frequency hoppingbandwidth; a cyclic shift; and/or an SRS sequence ID.

An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol onthe antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over whichanother symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If a first symboland a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, thereceiver may infer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay,and/or the like) for conveying the second symbol on the antenna port,from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port. Afirst antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasico-located (QCLed) if one or more large-scale properties of the channelover which a first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed may beinferred from the channel over which a second symbol on a second antennaport is conveyed. The one or more large-scale properties may comprise atleast one of: a delay spread; a Doppler spread; a Doppler shift; anaverage gain; an average delay; and/or spatial Receiving (Rx)parameters.

Channels that use beamforming require beam management. Beam managementmay comprise beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. Abeam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example,a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals.The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on downlink referencesignals (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS))and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform the downlinkbeam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with a basestation.

FIG. 11B illustrates an example of channel state information referencesignals (CSI-RSs) that are mapped in the time and frequency domains. Asquare shown in FIG. 11B may span a resource block (RB) within abandwidth of a cell. A base station may transmit one or more RRCmessages comprising CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicatingone or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may beconfigured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and/or MAC signaling)for a CSI-RS resource configuration: a CSI-RS resource configurationidentity, a number of CSI-RS ports, a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symboland resource element (RE) locations in a subframe), a CSI-RS subframeconfiguration (e.g., subframe location, offset, and periodicity in aradio frame), a CSI-RS power parameter, a CSI-RS sequence parameter, acode division multiplexing (CDM) type parameter, a frequency density, atransmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g.,QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist,csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and/or other radio resourceparameters.

The three beams illustrated in FIG. 11B may be configured for a UE in aUE-specific configuration. Three beams are illustrated in FIG. 11B (beam#1, beam #2, and beam #3), more or fewer beams may be configured. Beam#1 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1101 that may be transmitted in one ormore subcarriers in an RB of a first symbol. Beam #2 may be allocatedwith CSI-RS 1102 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers inan RB of a second symbol. Beam #3 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1103 thatmay be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a thirdsymbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a base stationmay use other subcarriers in a same RB (for example, those that are notused to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated witha beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), beamsused for the UE may be configured such that beams for the UE use symbolsfrom beams of other UEs.

CSI-RSs such as those illustrated in FIG. 11B (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102,1103) may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for oneor more measurements. For example, the UE may measure a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) of configured CSI-RS resources. The base stationmay configure the UE with a reporting configuration and the UE mayreport the RSRP measurements to a network (for example, via one or morebase stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, thebase station may determine, based on the reported measurement results,one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) statescomprising a number of reference signals. In an example, the basestation may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRCsignaling, a MAC CE, and/or a DCI). The UE may receive a downlinktransmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one ormore TCI states. In an example, the UE may or may not have a capabilityof beam correspondence. If the UE has the capability of beamcorrespondence, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of atransmit (Tx) beam based on a spatial domain filter of the correspondingRx beam. If the UE does not have the capability of beam correspondence,the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine thespatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beamselection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS)resources configured to the UE by the base station. The base station mayselect and indicate uplink beams for the UE based on measurements of theone or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

In a beam management procedure, a UE may assess (e.g., measure) achannel quality of one or more beam pair links, a beam pair linkcomprising a transmitting beam transmitted by a base station and areceiving beam received by the UE. Based on the assessment, the UE maytransmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pairquality parameters comprising, e.g., one or more beam identifications(e.g., a beam index, a reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, aprecoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI),and/or a rank indicator (RI).

FIG. 12A illustrates examples of three downlink beam managementprocedures: P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable a UE measurement ontransmit (Tx) beams of a transmission reception point (TRP) (or multipleTRPs), e.g., to support a selection of one or more base station Tx beamsand/or UE Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row,respectively, of P1). Beamforming at a TRP may comprise a Tx beam sweepfor a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovalsrotated in a counter-clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow).Beamforming at a UE may comprise an Rx beam sweep for a set of beams(shown, in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, as ovals rotated in a clockwisedirection indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure P2 may be used toenable a UE measurement on Tx beams of a TRP (shown, in the top row ofP2, as ovals rotated in a counter-clockwise direction indicated by thedashed arrow). The UE and/or the base station may perform procedure P2using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or usingnarrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referredto as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beamdetermination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweepingan Rx beam at the UE.

FIG. 12B illustrates examples of three uplink beam managementprocedures: U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used to enable a basestation to perform a measurement on Tx beams of a UE, e.g., to support aselection of one or more UE Tx beams and/or base station Rx beams (shownas ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of U1).Beamforming at the UE may include, e.g., a Tx beam sweep from a set ofbeams (shown in the bottom rows of U1 and U3 as ovals rotated in aclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at thebase station may include, e.g., an Rx beam sweep from a set of beams(shown, in the top rows of U1 and U2, as ovals rotated in acounter-clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UEuses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and/or the base station may performprocedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1,or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may bereferred to as beam refinement The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjustits Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

A UE may initiate a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based ondetecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., apreamble, a UCI, an SR, a MAC CE, and/or the like) based on theinitiating of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect the beam failurebased on a determination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of anassociated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., having an error ratehigher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower thana received signal power threshold, an expiration of a timer, and/or thelike).

The UE may measure a quality of a beam pair link using one or morereference signals (RSs) comprising one or more SS/PBCH blocks, one ormore CSI-RS resources, and/or one or more demodulation reference signals(DMRSs). A quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more ofa block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal to interference plusnoise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ)value, and/or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The base station mayindicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QCLed) with one ormore DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared datachannel, and/or the like). The RS resource and the one or more DMRSs ofthe channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Dopplershift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rxparameter, fading, and/or the like) from a transmission via the RSresource to the UE are similar or the same as the channelcharacteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

A network (e.g., a gNB and/or an ng-eNB of a network) and/or the UE mayinitiate a random access procedure. A UE in an RRC_IDLE state and/or anRRC_INACTIVE state may initiate the random access procedure to request aconnection setup to a network. The UE may initiate the random accessprocedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate the randomaccess procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplinktransmission of an SR when there is no PUCCH resource available) and/oracquire uplink timing (e.g., when uplink synchronization status isnon-synchronized). The UE may initiate the random access procedure torequest one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other systeminformation such as SIB2, SIB3, and/or the like). The UE may initiatethe random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. Anetwork may initiate a random access procedure for a handover and/or forestablishing time alignment for an SCell addition.

FIG. 13A illustrates a four-step contention-based random accessprocedure. Prior to initiation of the procedure, a base station maytransmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. The procedureillustrated in FIG. 13A comprises transmission of four messages: a Msg 11311, a Msg 2 1312, a Msg 3 1313, and a Msg 4 1314. The Msg 1 1311 mayinclude and/or be referred to as a preamble (or a random accesspreamble). The Msg 2 1312 may include and/or be referred to as a randomaccess response (RAR).

The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, usingone or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate oneor more random access channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one ormore RACH parameters may comprise at least one of following: generalparameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g.,RACH-configGeneral); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon);and/or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The basestation may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to oneor more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g.,dedicated RRC messages transmitted to a UE in an RRC_CONNECTED stateand/or in an RRC_INACTIVE state). The UE may determine, based on the oneor more RACH parameters, a time-frequency resource and/or an uplinktransmit power for transmission of the Msg 11311 and/or the Msg 3 1313.Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine areception timing and a downlink channel for receiving the Msg 2 1312 andthe Msg 4 1314.

The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message1310 may indicate one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions availablefor transmission of the Msg 11311. The one or more PRACH occasions maybe predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or moreavailable sets of one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., prach-ConfigIndex).The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a)one or more PRACH occasions and (b) one or more reference signals. Theone or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) oneor more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or morereference signals may be SS/PBCH blocks and/or CSI-RSs. For example, theone or more RACH parameters may indicate a number of SS/PBCH blocksmapped to a PRACH occasion and/or a number of preambles mapped to aSS/PBCH blocks.

The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message1310 may be used to determine an uplink transmit power of Msg 11311and/or Msg 3 1313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters mayindicate a reference power for a preamble transmission (e.g., a receivedtarget power and/or an initial power of the preamble transmission).There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACHparameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: apower ramping step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a poweroffset between transmissions of the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313;and/or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or moreRACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds based on which theUE may determine at least one reference signal (e.g., an SSB and/orCSI-RS) and/or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrierand/or a supplemental uplink (SUL) carrier).

The Msg 1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., apreamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). An RRCmessage may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g.,group A and/or group B). A preamble group may comprise one or morepreambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on a pathlossmeasurement and/or a size of the Msg 3 1313. The UE may measure an RSRPof one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and/or CSI-RSs) anddetermine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRPthreshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and/or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UEmay select at least one preamble associated with the one or morereference signals and/or a selected preamble group, for example, if theassociation between the one or more preambles and the at least onereference signal is configured by an RRC message.

The UE may determine the preamble based on the one or more RACHparameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, theUE may determine the preamble based on a pathloss measurement, an RSRPmeasurement, and/or a size of the Msg 3 1313. As another example, theone or more RACH parameters may indicate: a preamble format; a maximumnumber of preamble transmissions; and/or one or more thresholds fordetermining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). Abase station may use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the UEwith an association between one or more preambles and one or morereference signals (e.g., SSBs and/or CSI-RSs). If the association isconfigured, the UE may determine the preamble to include in Msg 11311based on the association. The Msg 1 1311 may be transmitted to the basestation via one or more PRACH occasions. The UE may use one or morereference signals (e.g., SSBs and/or CSI-RSs) for selection of thepreamble and for determining of the PRACH occasion. One or more RACHparameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMskIndex and/or ra-OccasionList) mayindicate an association between the PRACH occasions and the one or morereference signals.

The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is receivedfollowing a preamble transmission. The UE may increase an uplinktransmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select aninitial preamble transmit power based on a pathloss measurement and/or atarget received preamble power configured by the network. The UE maydetermine to retransmit a preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmitpower. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g.,PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preambleretransmission. The ramping step may be an amount of incrementalincrease in uplink transmit power for a retransmission. The UE may rampup the uplink transmit power if the UE determines a reference signal(e.g., SSB and/or CSI-RS) that is the same as a previous preambletransmission. The UE may count a number of preamble transmissions and/orretransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). The UE maydetermine that a random access procedure completed unsuccessfully, forexample, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a thresholdconfigured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax).

The Msg 2 1312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios,the Msg 2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs.The Msg 2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmittingof the Msg 1 1311. The Msg2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH andindicated on a PDCCH using a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The Msg 21312 may indicate that the Msg 1 1311 was received by the base station.The Msg 2 1312 may include a time-alignment command that may be used bythe UE to adjust the UE's transmission timing, a scheduling grant fortransmission of the Msg 3 1313, and/or a Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI).After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the Msg 2 1312. The UE maydetermine when to start the time window based on a PRACH occasion thatthe UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start thetime window one or more symbols after a last symbol of the preamble(e.g., at a first PDCCH occasion from an end of a preambletransmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on anumerology. The PDCCH may be in a common search space (e.g., aType1-PDCCH common search space) configured by an RRC message. The UEmay identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier(RNTI). RNTIs may be used depending on one or more events initiating therandom access procedure. The UE may use random access RNTI (RA-RNTI).The RA-RNTI may be associated with PRACH occasions in which the UEtransmits a preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTIbased on: an OFDM symbol index; a slot index; a frequency domain index;and/or a UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasions. An example ofRA-RNTI may be as follows:

RA-RNTI=1+s_id+14×t_id+14×80×f_id+14×80×8×ul_carrier_id,

where s_id may be an index of a first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion(e.g., 0≤s_id<14), t_id may be an index of a first slot of the PRACHoccasion in a system frame (e.g., 0≤t_id<80), f_id may be an index ofthe PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0≤f_id<8), andul_carrier_id may be a UL carrier used for a preamble transmission(e.g., 0 for an NUL carrier, and 1 for an SUL carrier).

The UE may transmit the Msg 3 1313 in response to a successful receptionof the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using resources identified in the Msg 2 1312).The Msg 3 1313 may be used for contention resolution in, for example,the contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A. Insome scenarios, a plurality of UEs may transmit a same preamble to abase station and the base station may provide an RAR that corresponds toa UE. Collisions may occur if the plurality of UEs interpret the RAR ascorresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using the Msg3 1313 and the Msg 4 1314) may be used to increase the likelihood thatthe UE does not incorrectly use an identity of another the UE. Toperform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier inthe Msg 3 1313 (e.g., a C-RNTI if assigned, a TC-RNTI included in theMsg 2 1312, and/or any other suitable identifier).

The Msg 4 1314 may be received after or in response to the transmittingof the Msg 3 1313. If a C-RNTI was included in the Msg 3 1313, the basestation will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the UE'sunique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure isdetermined to be successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in theMsg 3 1313 (e.g., if the UE is in an RRC_IDLE state or not otherwiseconnected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using aDL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDU is successfully decodedand a MAC PDU comprises the UE contention resolution identity MAC CEthat matches or otherwise corresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g.,transmitted) in Msg 3 1313, the UE may determine that the contentionresolution is successful and/or the UE may determine that the randomaccess procedure is successfully completed.

The UE may be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and anormal uplink (NUL) carrier. An initial access (e.g., random accessprocedure) may be supported in an uplink carrier. For example, a basestation may configure the UE with two separate RACH configurations: onefor an SUL carrier and the other for an NUL carrier. For random accessin a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network may indicate whichcarrier to use (NUL or SUL). The UE may determine the SUL carrier, forexample, if a measured quality of one or more reference signals is lowerthan a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of the random accessprocedure (e.g., the Msg 1 1311 and/or the Msg 3 1313) may remain on theselected carrier. The UE may switch an uplink carrier during the randomaccess procedure (e.g., between the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313) inone or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and/or switch anuplink carrier for the Msg 1 1311 and/or the Msg3 1313 based on achannel clear assessment (e.g., a listen-before-talk).

FIG. 13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure.Similar to the four-step contention-based random access procedureillustrated in FIG. 13A, a base station may, prior to initiation of theprocedure, transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE. Theconfiguration message 1320 may be analogous in some respects to theconfiguration message 1310. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13Bcomprises transmission of two messages: a Msg 1 1321 and a Msg 21322.The Msg 11321 and the Msg 21322 may be analogous in some respects to theMsg 1 1311 and a Msg 2 1312 illustrated in FIG. 13A, respectively. Aswill be understood from FIGS. 13A and 13B, the contention-free randomaccess procedure may not include messages analogous to the Msg 3 1313and/or the Msg 4 1314.

The contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B maybe initiated for a beam failure recovery, other SI request, SCelladdition, and/or handover. For example, a base station may indicate orassign to the UE the preamble to be used for the Msg 1 1321. The UE mayreceive, from the base station via PDCCH and/or RRC, an indication of apreamble (e.g., ra-PreambleIndex).

After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the RAR. In the event of abeam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UEwith a separate time window and/or a separate PDCCH in a search spaceindicated by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId). The UE maymonitor for a PDCCH transmission addressed to a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) onthe search space. In the contention-free random access procedureillustrated in FIG. 13B, the UE may determine that a random accessprocedure successfully completes after or in response to transmission ofMsg 1 1321 and reception of a corresponding Msg 21322. The UE maydetermine that a random access procedure successfully completes, forexample, if a PDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The UE maydetermine that a random access procedure successfully completes, forexample, if the UE receives an RAR comprising a preamble identifiercorresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and/or the RARcomprises a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier. The UE maydetermine the response as an indication of an acknowledgement for an SIrequest.

FIG. 13C illustrates another two-step random access procedure. Similarto the random access procedures illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a basestation may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit aconfiguration message 1330 to the UE. The configuration message 1330 maybe analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and/orthe configuration message 1320. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13Ccomprises transmission of two messages: a Msg A 1331 and a Msg B 1332.

Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A1331 may comprise one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and/orone or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block1342 may comprise contents that are similar and/or equivalent to thecontents of the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A. The transport block1342 may comprise UCI (e.g., an SR, a HARQ ACK/NACK, and/or the like).The UE may receive the Msg B 1332 after or in response to transmittingthe Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise contents that are similarand/or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., an RAR)illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B and/or the Msg 4 1314 illustrated inFIG. 13A.

The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure in FIG. 13C forlicensed spectrum and/or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine,based on one or more factors, whether to initiate the two-step randomaccess procedure. The one or more factors may be: a radio accesstechnology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and/or the like); whether the UE hasvalid TA or not; a cell size; the UE's RRC state; a type of spectrum(e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and/or any other suitable factors.

The UE may determine, based on two-step RACH parameters included in theconfiguration message 1330, a radio resource and/or an uplink transmitpower for the preamble 1341 and/or the transport block 1342 included inthe Msg A 1331. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and codingschemes (MCS), a time-frequency resource, and/or a power control for thepreamble 1341 and/or the transport block 1342. A time-frequency resourcefor transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., a PRACH) and atime-frequency resource for transmission of the transport block 1342(e.g., a PUSCH) may be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and/or CDM. The RACHparameters may enable the UE to determine a reception timing and adownlink channel for monitoring for and/or receiving Msg B 1332.

The transport block 1342 may comprise data (e.g., delay-sensitive data),an identifier of the UE, security information, and/or device information(e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The basestation may transmit the Msg B 1332 as a response to the Msg A 1331. TheMsg B 1332 may comprise at least one of following: a preambleidentifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplinkgrant (e.g., a radio resource assignment and/or an MCS); a UE identifierfor contention resolution; and/or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI).The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure issuccessfully completed if: a preamble identifier in the Msg B 1332 ismatched to a preamble transmitted by the UE; and/or the identifier ofthe UE in Msg B 1332 is matched to the identifier of the UE in the Msg A1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

A UE and a base station may exchange control signaling. The controlsignaling may be referred to as L1/L2 control signaling and mayoriginate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and/or the MAC layer (e.g.,layer 2). The control signaling may comprise downlink control signalingtransmitted from the base station to the UE and/or uplink controlsignaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

The downlink control signaling may comprise: a downlink schedulingassignment; an uplink scheduling grant indicating uplink radio resourcesand/or a transport format; a slot format information; a preemptionindication; a power control command; and/or any other suitablesignaling. The UE may receive the downlink control signaling in apayload transmitted by the base station on a physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred toas downlink control information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH maybe a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

A base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC)parity bits to a DCI in order to facilitate detection of transmissionerrors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of the UEs), thebase station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of theUE (or an identifier of the group of the UEs). Scrambling the CRC paritybits with the identifier may comprise Modulo-2 addition (or an exclusiveOR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. Theidentifier may comprise a 16-bit value of a radio network temporaryidentifier (RNTI).

DCIs may be used for different purposes. A purpose may be indicated bythe type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, aDCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) mayindicate paging information and/or a system information changenotification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFE” in hexadecimal. ADCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI(SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of the systeminformation. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFF” in hexadecimal. ADCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI)may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI having CRC paritybits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamicallyscheduled unicast transmission and/or a triggering of PDCCH-orderedrandom access. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporarycell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate a contention resolution (e.g., a Msg 3analogous to the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A). Other RNTIsconfigured to the UE by a base station may comprise a ConfiguredScheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI(TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI),a Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), an Interruption RNTI(INT-RNTI), a Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), a Semi-PersistentCSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), a Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI(MCS-C-RNTI), and/or the like.

Depending on the purpose and/or content of a DCI, the base station maytransmit the DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format00 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell. DCI format 00 may be afallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 01 maybe used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloadsthan DCI format 0_0). DCI format 10 may be used for scheduling of PDSCHin a cell. DCI format 10 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., withcompact DCI payloads). DCI format 11 may be used for scheduling of PDSCHin a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 1_0). DCI format20 may be used for providing a slot format indication to a group of UEs.DCI format 21 may be used for notifying a group of UEs of a physicalresource block and/or OFDM symbol where the UE may assume notransmission is intended to the UE. DCI format 22 may be used fortransmission of a transmit power control (TPC) command for PUCCH orPUSCH. DCI format 23 may be used for transmission of a group of TPCcommands for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs. DCI format(s) for newfunctions may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may havedifferent DCI sizes, or may share the same DCI size.

After scrambling a DCI with a RNTI, the base station may process the DCIwith channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scramblingand/or QPSK modulation. A base station may map the coded and modulatedDCI on resource elements used and/or configured for a PDCCH. Based on apayload size of the DCI and/or a coverage of the base station, the basestation may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying a number ofcontiguous control channel elements (CCEs). The number of the contiguousCCEs (referred to as aggregation level) may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and/orany other suitable number. A CCE may comprise a number (e.g., 6) ofresource-element groups (REGs). A REG may comprise a resource block inan OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on theresource elements may be based on mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g.,CCE-to-REG mapping).

FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for abandwidth part. The base station may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH on oneor more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may comprise atime-frequency resource in which the UE tries to decode a DCI using oneor more search spaces. The base station may configure a CORESET in thetime-frequency domain. In the example of FIG. 14A, a first CORESET 1401and a second CORESET 1402 occur at the first symbol in a slot. The firstCORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequencydomain. A third CORESET 1403 occurs at a third symbol in the slot. Afourth CORESET 1404 occurs at the seventh symbol in the slot. CORESETsmay have a different number of resource blocks in frequency domain.

FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCItransmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mappingmay be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providingfrequency diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for thepurposes of facilitating interference coordination and/orfrequency-selective transmission of control channels). The base stationmay perform different or same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs.A CORESET may be associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRCconfiguration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasico-location (QCL) parameter. The antenna port QCL parameter may indicateQCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCHreception in the CORESET.

The base station may transmit, to the UE, RRC messages comprisingconfiguration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more searchspace sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an associationbetween a search space set and a CORESET. A search space set maycomprise a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregationlevel. The configuration parameters may indicate: a number of PDCCHcandidates to be monitored per aggregation level; a PDCCH monitoringperiodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats tobe monitored by the UE; and/or whether a search space set is a commonsearch space set or a UE-specific search space set. A set of CCEs in thecommon search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. A set ofCCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on theUE's identity (e.g., C-RNTI).

As shown in FIG. 14B, the UE may determine a time-frequency resource fora CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE may determine a CCE-to-REGmapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and/or mappingparameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of theCORESET. The UE may determine a number (e.g., at most 10) of searchspace sets configured on the CORESET based on the RRC messages. The UEmay monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configurationparameters of a search space set. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCHcandidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs.Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the setof the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats.Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCHcandidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (orconfigured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCHcandidates in common search spaces, and/or number of PDCCH candidates inthe UE-specific search spaces) and possible (or configured) DCI formats.The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determinea DCI as valid for the UE, in response to CRC checking (e.g., scrambledbits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching a RNTI value). The UE mayprocess information contained in the DCI (e.g., a scheduling assignment,an uplink grant, power control, a slot format indication, a downlinkpreemption, and/or the like).

The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink controlinformation (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling maycomprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements forreceived DL-SCH transport blocks. The UE may transmit the HARQacknowledgements after receiving a DL-SCH transport block. Uplinkcontrol signaling may comprise channel state information (CSI)indicating channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE maytransmit the CSI to the base station. The base station, based on thereceived CSI, may determine transmission format parameters (e.g.,comprising multi-antenna and beamforming schemes) for a downlinktransmission. Uplink control signaling may comprise scheduling requests(SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is availablefor transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit a UCI (e.g.,HARQ acknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, and the like) via aphysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH). The UE may transmit the uplink control signaling via aPUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

There may be five PUCCH formats and the UE may determine a PUCCH formatbased on a size of the UCI (e.g., a number of uplink symbols of UCItransmission and a number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a lengthof one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE maytransmit UCI in a PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if thetransmission is over one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACKinformation bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK/SR bits) is oneor two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteenOFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may use PUCCHformat 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number ofHARQ-ACK/SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or twoOFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCHformat 2 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the numberof UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number betweenfour and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. TheUE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols,the number of UCI bits is two or more and PUCCH resource does notinclude an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a numberbetween four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than twobits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or moresymbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and the PUCCH resourceincludes an orthogonal cover code.

The base station may transmit configuration parameters to the UE for aplurality of PUCCH resource sets using, for example, an RRC message. Theplurality of PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may beconfigured on an uplink BWP of a cell. A PUCCH resource set may beconfigured with a PUCCH resource set index, a plurality of PUCCHresources with a PUCCH resource being identified by a PUCCH resourceidentifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and/or a number (e.g. a maximumnumber) of UCI information bits the UE may transmit using one of theplurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When configuredwith a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of theplurality of PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of the UCIinformation bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and/or CSI). If the total bitlength of UCI information bits is two or fewer, the UE may select afirst PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “0”.If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than two andless than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select asecond PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to“1”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than thefirst configured value and less than or equal to a second configuredvalue, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCHresource set index equal to “2”. If the total bit length of UCIinformation bits is greater than the second configured value and lessthan or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourthPUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “3”.

After determining a PUCCH resource set from a plurality of PUCCHresource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCHresource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and/or SR) transmission. The UE maydetermine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in aDCI (e.g., with a DCI format 10 or DCI for 1_1) received on a PDCCH. Athree-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one of eightPUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resourceindicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI and/or SR) using aPUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 incommunication with a base station 1504 in accordance with embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and base station 1504may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobilecommunication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobilecommunication network 150 illustrated in FIG. 1B, or any othercommunication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one basestation 1504 are illustrated in FIG. 15 , but it will be understood thata mobile communication network may include more than one UE and/or morethan one base station, with the same or similar configuration as thoseshown in FIG. 15 .

The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a corenetwork (not shown) through radio communications over the air interface(or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the basestation 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 isknown as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wirelessdevice 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known asthe uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplinktransmissions using FDD, TDD, and/or some combination of the twoduplexing techniques.

In the downlink, data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 from thebase station 1504 may be provided to the processing system 1508 of thebase station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data to be sent tothe base station 1504 from the wireless device 1502 may be provided tothe processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processingsystem 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement layer 3 andlayer 2 OSI functionality to process the data for transmission. Layer 2may include an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer,for example, with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 , and FIG. 4A.Layer 3 may include an RRC layer as with respect to FIG. 2B.

After being processed by processing system 1508, the data to be sent tothe wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmission processingsystem 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed bythe processing system 1518, the data to be sent to base station 1504 maybe provided to a transmission processing system 1520 of the wirelessdevice 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and thetransmission processing system 1520 may implement layer 1 OSIfunctionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A,FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 , and FIG. 4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layermay perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transportchannels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels tophysical channels, modulation of physical channel, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and/or the like.

At the base station 1504, a reception processing system 1512 may receivethe uplink transmission from the wireless device 1502. At the wirelessdevice 1502, a reception processing system 1522 may receive the downlinktransmission from base station 1504. The reception processing system1512 and the reception processing system 1522 may implement layer 1 OSIfunctionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A,FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 , and FIG. 4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer mayperform, for example, error detection, forward error correctiondecoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physicalchannels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antennaprocessing, and/or the like.

As shown in FIG. 15 , a wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used toperform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatialmultiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO),transmit/receive diversity, and/or beamforming. In other examples, thewireless device 1502 and/or the base station 1504 may have a singleantenna.

The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may beassociated with a memory 1514 and a memory 1524, respectively. Memory1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readablemediums) may store computer program instructions or code that may beexecuted by the processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518to carry out one or more of the functionalities discussed in the presentapplication. Although not shown in FIG. 15 , the transmission processingsystem 1510, the transmission processing system 1520, the receptionprocessing system 1512, and/or the reception processing system 1522 maybe coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computerreadable mediums) storing computer program instructions or code that maybe executed to carry out one or more of their respectivefunctionalities.

The processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518 maycomprise one or more controllers and/or one or more processors. The oneor more controllers and/or one or more processors may comprise, forexample, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP),a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) and/or other programmable logicdevice, discrete gate and/or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, an on-board unit, or any combination thereof. The processingsystem 1508 and/or the processing system 1518 may perform at least oneof signal coding/processing, data processing, power control,input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that may enablethe wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in awireless environment.

The processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518 may beconnected to one or more peripherals 1516 and one or more peripherals1526, respectively. The one or more peripherals 1516 and the one or moreperipherals 1526 may include software and/or hardware that providefeatures and/or functionalities, for example, a speaker, a microphone, akeypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver,a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequencymodulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, anelectronic control unit (e.g., for a motor vehicle), and/or one or moresensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, aradar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, acamera, and/or the like). The processing system 1508 and/or theprocessing system 1518 may receive user input data from and/or provideuser output data to the one or more peripherals 1516 and/or the one ormore peripherals 1526. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device1502 may receive power from a power source and/or may be configured todistribute the power to the other components in the wireless device1502. The power source may comprise one or more sources of power, forexample, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combinationthereof. The processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518may be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527,respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 may beconfigured to provide geographic location information of the wirelessdevice 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

FIG. 16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. Abaseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel mayperform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise atleast one of: scrambling; modulation of scrambled bits to generatecomplex-valued symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbolsonto one or several transmission layers; transform precoding to generatecomplex-valued symbols; precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mappingof precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division MultipleAccess (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and/or the like.In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal foruplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transformprecoding is not enabled, an CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission maybe generated by FIG. 16A. These functions are illustrated as examplesand it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented invarious embodiments.

FIG. 16B illustrates an example structure for modulation andup-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The basebandsignal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for anantenna port and/or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed prior totransmission.

FIG. 16C illustrates an example structure for downlink transmissions. Abaseband signal representing a physical downlink channel may perform oneor more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling ofcoded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel;modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulationsymbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one orseveral transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulationsymbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping ofcomplex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resourceelements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anantenna port; and/or the like. These functions are illustrated asexamples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implementedin various embodiments.

FIG. 16D illustrates another example structure for modulation andup-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The basebandsignal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port.Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

A wireless device may receive from a base station one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising configuration parameters of a pluralityof cells (e.g. primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device maycommunicate with at least one base station (e.g. two or more basestations in dual-connectivity) via the plurality of cells. The one ormore messages (e.g. as a part of the configuration parameters) maycomprise parameters of physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers forconfiguring the wireless device. For example, the configurationparameters may comprise parameters for configuring physical and MAClayer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parametersmay comprise parameters indicating values of timers for physical, MAC,RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and/or communication channels.

A timer may begin running once it is started and continue running untilit is stopped or until it expires. A timer may be started if it is notrunning or restarted if it is running. A timer may be associated with avalue (e.g. the timer may be started or restarted from a value or may bestarted from zero and expire once it reaches the value). The duration ofa timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g.,due to BWP switching). A timer may be used to measure a timeperiod/window for a process. When the specification refers to animplementation and procedure related to one or more timers, it will beunderstood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or moretimers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of themultiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a timeperiod/window for the procedure. For example, a random access responsewindow timer may be used for measuring a window of time for receiving arandom access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiry ofa random access response window timer, the time difference between twotime stamps may be used. When a timer is restarted, a process formeasurement of time window may be restarted. Other exampleimplementations may be provided to restart a measurement of a timewindow.

In an example, a wireless device may be capable of tracking/measuring anumber of path loss reference reference signals (RSs) simultaneously. Inan example, the number may be fixed/preconfigured/predefined (e.g.,three, four, eight, sixteen, etc.). In an example, the wireless devicemay transmit, to a base station, a UE capability information indicatingthe number. The wireless device may receive, from the base station, oneor more configuration parameters indicating one or more path lossreference RSs for path loss estimation of an uplink channel (e.g.,PUSCH, PUCCH).

In an example, a first number of the one or more path loss reference RSsmay be equal to or smaller (or less) than the number (e.g., in the UEcapability information). The wireless device may track/measure the oneor more path loss reference RSs simultaneously based on the first numberbeing equal to or smaller than the number. For example, when the numberis four, the wireless device may track/measure up to four path lossreference RSs simultaneously. When the first number is four, the one ormore path loss reference RSs may comprise Path loss reference RS 0(PL-RS 0), PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3. In existing systems, when awireless device determines to report a power headroom report (e.g., Type1 power headroom report), the wireless device may compute the powerheadroom report based on a path loss reference RS, among the one or morepath loss reference RSs, with a path loss reference index that is equalto zero (e.g., PL-RS 0).

In an example, the first number being equal to or smaller than thenumber may not be efficient. For example, when the wireless device isnot stationary, the base station may transmit configuration parameters(e.g., RRC parameters) indicating another path loss reference RSs (e.g.,pointing to the direction of the wireless device for an accurate pathloss estimation) frequently. This may lead to signaling overhead andincreased power consumption.

In an example, a first number of the one or more path loss reference RSsindicated by the one or more configuration parameters may be greaterthan the number (e.g., in the UE capability information). The one ormore configuration parameters may comprise a pathloss reference signalupdate parameter. The pathloss reference signal update parameter mayenable an activation command (e.g., MAC-CE, DCI) to update the one ormore pathloss reference RSs of the uplink channel (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH).The base station may activate/select/update a subset of path lossreference RSs among the one or more path loss reference RSs dynamicallyvia the activation command, for example, based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters comprising the pathloss reference signal updateparameter. The activating/selecting/updating the subset of path lossreference RSs among the one or more path loss reference RSs dynamicallymay reduce frequent transmission of configuration parameters (e.g., RRCparameters), reduce delay introduced with the transmission ofconfiguration parameters (e.g., RRC parameters), and accommodate fasterspeeds of mobile wireless devices. For example, when the number is four,the wireless device may track/measure up to four path loss reference RSssimultaneously. When the first number is six, the one or more path lossreference RSs may comprise PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, PL-RS 3, PL-RS 4,and PL-RS 5.

The wireless device may receive an activation commandactivating/selecting/updating a subset of path loss reference RSs amongthe one or more path loss reference RSs, for example, based on the oneor more configuration parameters comprising the pathloss referencesignal update parameter. The subset of path loss reference RSs may, forexample, comprise PL-RS 1, PL-RS 3, PL-RS 4, and PL-RS 5. When thewireless device determines to report a power headroom report (e.g., Type1 power headroom report), in the implementation of existingtechnologies, the wireless device may compute the power headroom reportbased on a path loss reference RS with a path loss reference index thatis equal to zero (e.g., PL-RS 0). This may not be efficient when anactivation command (e.g., MAC-CE, DCI) may update the one or morepathloss reference RSs of the uplink channel (or when the one or moreconfiguration parameters comprise the pathloss reference signal updateparameter). In an example, the subset of path loss reference RSs may notcomprise the path loss reference RS with the path loss reference indexthat is equal to zero (e.g., PL-RS 0). Based on the subset of path lossreference RSs not comprising the path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0),the wireless device may not track/measure the path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 0). Computing the power headroom report based on the pathloss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0) that is not measured/tracked by thewireless device may lead to an inaccurate power headroom report. Theinaccurate power headroom report may result in inefficient power controlmechanism. In an example, the base station may assign/allocate a lowertransmission power (than necessary transmission power) for an uplinktransmission of a signal/channel. Transmitting the signal/channel withthe lower transmission power may result in missing reception of thesignal/channel increasing retransmissions of the signal/channel,increasing battery consumption due to increased retransmissions. In anexample, the base station may assign/allocate a higher transmissionpower (than necessary transmission power) for an uplink transmission ofa signal/channel. Transmitting the signal/channel with the highertransmission power may result in increased interference to othercells/wireless devices degrading their signal quality (e.g.,quality-of-service, received signal power, etc.). There is a need toimplement an enhanced procedure for the path loss reference RSdetermination when the first number of the (configured) one or more pathloss reference RSs is greater than the number of path loss reference RSsthat the wireless device is capable of tracking/measuring simultaneously(or when the one or more configuration parameters comprise the pathlossreference signal update parameter that enables an activation command toupdate the one or more pathloss reference RSs of the uplink channel).

Example embodiments implement an enhanced procedure for the path lossreference RS determination when the first number of the (configured) oneor more path loss reference RSs is greater than the number of path lossreference RSs that the wireless device is capable of tracking/measuringsimultaneously (or when the one or more configuration parameterscomprise the pathloss reference signal update parameter that enables anactivation command to update the one or more pathloss reference RSs ofthe uplink channel). In an example embodiment, the wireless device mayselect a path loss reference RS, among the subset of path loss referenceRSs, with a path loss reference RS index that is lowest (or highest)among path loss reference RS indices of the subset of path lossreference RSs. In an example embodiment, the activation command maycomprise a field indicating the path loss reference RS. In an example,each path loss reference RS of the subset of path loss reference RSs maybe mapped (or linked) to a power control parameter set of a plurality ofpower control parameter sets. In an example embodiment, the wirelessdevice may select a path loss reference RS, among the subset of pathloss reference RSs, that is mapped to a power control parameter set,among the plurality of power control parameter sets, identified with apower control index that is equal to zero.

This enhanced process reduces signaling overhead for indication of pathloss reference RSs. This enhanced process leads to transmission ofaccurate power headroom reports, reduces retransmissions, decreases thepower consumption at the wireless device and the base station; reducesthe delay/latency of data communication; and reduces interference toother cells/wireless devices improving their signal quality.

A wireless device may perform a power headroom reporting procedure toindicate, to a base station, at least one of following information: Type1 power headroom (PH) indicating a difference between a nominal maximumtransmit power and an estimated power for UL-SCH transmission peractivated serving cell configured with the wireless device; Type 2 PHindicating a difference between a nominal maximum transmit power and anestimated power for UL-SCH and PUCCH transmission on SpCell of anotherMAC entity (e.g., E-UTRA MAC entity in EN-DC); Type 3 PH indicating adifference between a nominal maximum transmit power and an estimatedpower for SRS transmission per activated serving cell.

A wireless device may receive an RRC message indicating one or moreparameters for the power headroom reporting procedure. A MAC entity ofthe wireless device may determine when to transmit, to a base station, apower headroom report (PHR) based on the one or more parameters. Thewireless device may determine which cell and/or which type of powerheadroom need to be reported via the PHR. For example, the one or moreparameters may indicate a first value of a PHR periodic timer (e.g.,phr-PeriodicTimer), a second value of a PHR prohibit timer (e.g.,phr-ProhibitTimer), a PHR pathloss change threshold (e.g.,phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange), a presence/absence indicator of a PH valuefor other cell in the PHR (e.g., phr-Type2OtherCell), a mode (e.g., realor virtual) indicator of a PH (e.g., phr-ModeOtherCG), and/or a multiplePHR indicator (e.g., multiplePHR).

In an example, a MAC entity of a wireless device may trigger a PHR basedon one or more conditions. For example, the wireless derive may triggera PHR at least one of following events: a first timer (e.g.,phr-PeriodicTimer) expires; upon configuration or reconfiguration of thepower headroom reporting functionality by upper layers, which may not beused to disable the function; activation of an SCell of any MAC entitywith configured uplink; and/or an addition of the PSCell (e.g., a PSCellmay be added or changed).

In an example, a MAC entity of a wireless device may, for example, ifthe wireless device has UL resources allocated for a new transmission,start a PHR periodic timer if a first UL resource is firstly allocatedfor a new transmission since a last MAC reset. A wireless device maytransmit, for example, if a PHR procedure determines that at least onePHR has been triggered and not cancelled and/or if allocated ULresources accommodate at least one PHR (e.g., a MAC CE for the PHR whichthe MAC entity is configured to transmit, plus its subheader, as aresult of logical channel prioritization), at least one PHR to a basestation. A PHR procedure and/or a PHR format may be determined, forexample on whether a base station configures a wireless device with asingle entry PHR format (e.g., a multiple PHR indicator (e.g.,multiplePHR) is not configured) or a multiple entry PHR format (e.g., amultiple PHR indicator (e.g., multiplePHR) is configured).

In an example, if a base station configures a wireless device with amultiple PHR indicator (e.g., by transmitting an RRC configurationparameter indicating the multiple entry PHR format (e.g., multiplePHR)),a MAC entity of the wireless device may determine, for each of one ormore activated cells with configured uplink(s) associated with thewireless device, a first value of a first type power headroom (PH),e.g., Type 1 PH determined based on a PUSCH transmission, or a thirdtype PH, e.g., Type 3 PH determined based on an SRS transmission. Awireless device may determine, for example, if the wireless device hasUL resources allocated for a transmission on the at least one cell, orif one or more other cells of the one or more activated cells have ULresources allocated for transmission on the at least one cell and PHRconfiguration parameters transmitted for indicating a PHR mode of theone or more cells indicates a real PH value (e.g., a mode (e.g., real orvirtual) indicator of a PH (e.g., phr-ModeOtherCG)) indicate a real PHvalue), a second value corresponding to PCMAX, c (described elsewhere inthis specification) and transmit the first value and the second valuevia corresponding one or more fields in a PHR.

In an example, if a presence/absence indicator of a PH value for othercell in the PHR (e.g., phr-Type2OtherCell) is configured to a wirelessdevice, and/or if other MAC entity is a particular radio accesstechnology (e.g., 4G) MAC entity, an MAC entity of the wireless devicemay determine a first value corresponding to a second type PH (e.g.,Type 2 PH) for an SpCell of the other MAC entity. If a PHR mode of theone or more cells indicates a real PH value (e.g., a mode (e.g., real orvirtual) indicator of a PH (e.g., phr-ModeOtherCG)) indicate a real PHvalue), a wireless device may determine a second value corresponding toPCMAX, c. The wireless device may transmit the first value and thesecond value via one or more corresponding fields in a PHR.

In an example, an MAC entity of a wireless device may trigger amultiplexing and assembly procedure for generating and transmitting aPHR (e.g., in a form of a PHR MAC CE). The PHR may comprise a firstvalue of a first type PH, a second type PH, and/or a third type PH of atleast one cell. The PHR may comprise a second value, corresponding toPCMAX, c, for example, based on a configured serving cell index (e.g.,ServCellIndex) and/or configured PUCCH(s) for the wireless device. Awireless device may, for example, based on transmitting a PHR, start orrestart a PHR periodic timer (e.g., periodicPHR-Timer) and/or a PHRprohibit timer (e.g., prohibitPHR-Timer). A wireless device may, forexample, based on transmitting a PHR, cancel one or more triggered PHRs.

In an example, if a base station configures a wireless device with asingle entry PHR format (e.g., by transmitting a PHR configurationparameter indicating the single entry PHR format, and/or by notconfiguring a PHR configuration parameter indicating a multiple entryPHR format (e.g., if multiplePHR is absent)), the wireless device may,for example, determine a first value, of a first type PH or of a thirdtype PH, for a corresponding uplink carrier of a cell (e.g., a PCell).The wireless device may, for example, determine a second valuecorresponding to PCMAX, c. The wireless device may, for example, basedon determining the first value and the second value, transmit a PHR to abase station (e.g., a gNB). The PHR may comprise one or more fieldsindicating the first value and the second value. A wireless device maytrigger a multiplexing and assembly procedure for generating andtransmitting a PHR MAC CE comprising a value of a first type PH or of athird type PH. A wireless device may, for example, based on transmittinga PHR, start or restart a PHR periodic timer (e.g., periodicPHR-Timer)and/or a PHR prohibit timer (e.g., prohibitPHR-Timer). A wireless devicemay, for example, based on transmitting a PHR, cancel one or moretriggered PHRs

In an example, a MAC entity may determine whether PH value for anactivated serving cell is based on real transmission or a (uplink)reference format based on configured grant(s) and downlink controlinformation that may have been received until and including the PDCCHoccasion in which a first UL grant for a new transmission is receivedsince a PHR has been triggered if a PHR MAC CE is reported on an uplinkgrant received on the PDCCH or until the first uplink symbol of PUSCHtransmission minus PUSCH reparation time predefined, e.g., if the PHRMAC CE is reported on a configured grant.

In an example, the PHR MAC CEs may comprise at least one of:

-   -   a presence/absence indication field (e.g., Ci) that indicates a        presence of a PH field for a serving cell with a cell ID i        (e.g., ServCellIndex i). The Ci field set to “1” may indicate        that a PH field for the serving cell with the cell ID i (e.g.,        ServCellIndex i) is reported. The Ci field set to “0” may        indicate that a PH field for the serving cell with a cell ID i        (e.g., ServCellIndex i) is not reported;    -   a reservation field (e.g., R) indicating one or more reserved        bit (e.g., R set to “0”);    -   a PH mode indicator (e.g., V) that indicate if the PH value is        based on a real transmission or a reference format. For Type 1        PH, V=0 may indicates a real transmission on PUSCH and V=1 may        indicate that a PUSCH reference format is used. For Type 2 PH,        V=0 may indicate a real transmission on PUCCH and V=1 may        indicate that a PUCCH reference format is used. For Type 3 PH,        V=0 may indicate a real transmission on SRS and V=1 may indicate        that an SRS reference format is used. For Type 1, Type 2, and        Type 3 PH, V=0 may indicate a presence of an octet comprising an        associated PCMAX,f,c field, and V=1 may indicate that the octet        comprising the associated PCMAX,f,c field is omitted;    -   a PH field indicating a power headroom level;    -   a power backoff indicator file (e.g., a P field) indicating        whether the MAC entity applies power backoff due to power        management. The MAC entity may set P=1 if a corresponding        PCMAX,f,c field have had a different value if no power backoff        due to power management had been applied; and    -   a PCMAX,f,c field. If present, this field may indicates the        PCMAX,f,c or P-CMAX,f,c for a serving cell used for determining        a preceding PH field.

In an example, a wireless device may determine whether a power headroomreport, for an activated serving cell, is based on an actual uplinktransmission or a reference uplink transmission based on a higher layersignaling of a configured grant. The wireless device may furtherdetermine whether the power headroom report is based on the actualuplink transmission or the reference uplink transmission based on one ormore periodic/semi-persistent sounding reference signal transmissions.The wireless device may further determine whether the power headroomreport is based on the actual uplink transmission or the referenceuplink transmission based on a downlink control information.

In an example, the wireless device may report the power headroom reporton a PUSCH triggered/scheduled by the first DCI. The wireless device mayreceive the downlink control information until and including a PDCCHmonitoring occasion where the wireless device detects a first DCI (e.g.,DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1) scheduling an initial transmission ofa transport block since a power headroom report was triggered.

In an example, the wireless device may report the power headroom reporton a PUSCH using a configured grant. The wireless device may receive thedownlink control information until a first uplink symbol of a configuredPUSCH transmission minus a processing time (e.g., Tproc,2). Theprocessing time may be based on a capability of the wireless device. Theprocessing time may be based on a subcarrier spacing of an activedownlink BWP of a scheduling cell for the configured grant.

FIG. 17 is an example of a power control configuration for PUSCH as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is an example of power control as per an aspect of an embodimentof the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is an example of a MAC CE for power control as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messages (e.g.,at time TO in FIG. 18 ). In an example, the wireless device may receivethe one or more messages from a base station. The one or more messagesmay comprise one or more configuration parameters (e.g., Configurationparameters in FIG. 18 ).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for acell. In an example, at least one configuration parameter of the one ormore configuration parameters may be for a cell. In an example, the cellmay be a primary cell (PCell). In an example, the cell may be asecondary cell (SCell). The cell may be a secondary cell configured withPUCCH (e.g., PUCCH SCell). In an example, the cell may be an unlicensedcell, e.g., operating in an unlicensed band. In an example, the cell maybe a licensed cell, e.g., operating in a licensed band.

In an example, the cell may comprise a plurality of BWPs. The pluralityof BWPs may comprise one or more uplink BWPs comprising an uplink BWP ofthe cell. The plurality of BWPs may comprise one or more downlink BWPscomprising a downlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, a BWP of the plurality of BWPs may be in one of an activestate and an inactive state. In an example, in the active state of adownlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device maymonitor a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH)on/for/via the downlink BWP. In an example, in the active state of adownlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device mayreceive a PDSCH on/via the downlink BWP. In an example, in the inactivestate of a downlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wirelessdevice may not monitor a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI,CSI-RS, PDSCH) on/for the downlink BWP. In the inactive state of adownlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device maystop monitoring a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS,PDSCH) on/for the downlink BWP. In an example, in the inactive state ofa downlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device maynot receive a PDSCH on/via the downlink BWP. In the inactive state of adownlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device maystop receiving a PDSCH on/via the downlink BWP.

In an example, in the active state of an uplink BWP of the one or moreuplink BWPs, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal/channel(e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) via the uplink BWP. Inan example, in the inactive state of an uplink BWP of the one or moreuplink BWPs, the wireless device may not transmit an uplinksignal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) via theuplink BWP.

In an example, the wireless device may activate the downlink BWP of theone or more downlink BWPs of the cell. In an example, the activating thedownlink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets the downlink BWPas an active downlink BWP of the cell. In an example, the activating thedownlink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets the downlink BWPin the active state. In an example, the activating the downlink BWP maycomprise switching the downlink BWP from the inactive state to theactive state.

In an example, the wireless device may activate the uplink BWP of theone or more uplink BWPs of the cell. In an example, the activating theuplink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets the uplink BWP asan active uplink BWP of the cell. In an example, the activating theuplink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets the uplink BWP inthe active state. In an example, the activating the uplink BWP maycomprise switching the uplink BWP from the inactive state to the activestate.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for the(active) downlink BWP of the cell. In an example, at least oneconfiguration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters maybe for the downlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for the(active) uplink BWP of the cell. In an example, at least oneconfiguration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters maybe for the uplink BWP of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters (e.g., RRCconfiguration, RRC reconfiguration, etc.) may comprise/indicate aplurality of power control parameter sets (e.g., Power control parametersets in FIG. 18 , e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterSRI-PUSCH-PowerControl in FIG. 17 ). In FIG. 18 , the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets may comprise Power control parameter set-0, Powercontrol parameter set-1, Power control parameter set-2, Power controlparameter set-3, Power control parameter set-4 and Power controlparameter set-5.

In an example, the plurality of power control parameter sets may be(configured) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissionvia/of the cell. In an example, the plurality of power control parametersets may be (configured) for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)transmission via/of the cell. In an example, the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets may be (configured) for a sounding referencesignal (SRS) transmission via/of the cell.

In an example, the plurality of power control parameter sets may be(configured) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissionvia/of the (active) uplink BWP of the cell. In an example, the pluralityof power control parameter sets may be (configured) for a physicaluplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission via/of the (active) uplinkBWP of the cell. In an example, the plurality of power control parametersets may be (configured) for a sounding reference signal (SRS)transmission via/of the (active) uplink BWP of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters (or theplurality of power control parameter sets) may indicate (or comprise)power control indices (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterSRI-PUSCH-PowerControlId in FIG. 17 ) for the plurality of power controlparameter sets. In an example, each power control parameter set of theplurality of power control parameter sets may be identified by (or maycomprise) a respective power control index of the power control indices.In an example, a first power control parameter set (e.g., Power controlparameter set-0 in FIG. 18 ) of the plurality of power control parametersets may be identified by a first power control index (e.g., 0, 1, 2,15) of the power control indices. In an example, a second power controlparameter set (e.g., Power control parameter set-1 in FIG. 18 ) of theplurality of power control parameter sets may be identified by a secondpower control index (e.g., 3, 4, 7, 9, 14) of the power control indices.In an example, the first power control index and the second powercontrol index may be different. The first power control index and thesecond power control index may be different based on the first powercontrol parameter set and the second power control parameter set beingdifferent.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of path loss reference RSs (e.g., Pathloss reference RSs inFIG. 18 , provided by a higher layer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRSin FIG. 17 ) for path loss estimation of uplink transmissions (e.g.,PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS). In FIG. 18 , the plurality of path loss referenceRSs may comprise PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, . . . , PL-RS 63.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of path loss reference RS indices (e.g., provided by a higherlayer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 ) for theplurality of path loss reference RSs. In an example, each path lossreference RS of the plurality of path loss reference RSs may beidentified by (or may comprise) a respective path loss reference RSindex of the plurality of path loss reference RS indices. In an example,a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0 in FIG. 18 ) of theplurality of path loss reference RSs may be identified by (or maycomprise) a first path loss reference RS index (e.g., 0, 1, 10, 63) ofthe plurality of path loss reference RS indices. In an example, a secondpath loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 1 in FIG. 18 ) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a secondpath loss reference RS index (e.g., 3, 5, 25, 54) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RS indices.

In an example, each path loss reference RS of the plurality of path lossreference RSs may indicate/comprise a respective path loss RS (e.g.,provided by a higher layer parameter referenceSignal, ssb-index,csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId in FIG. 17 ). In an example, thefirst path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0 in FIG. 18 ) of theplurality of path loss reference RSs may indicate a first path loss RS(or may comprise a first index of/identifying the first path loss RS).In an example, the second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 1 in FIG.18 ) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs may indicate a secondpath loss RS (or may comprise a second index of/identifying the secondpath loss reference RS). The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the respective path loss RS for each path loss reference RS.

In an example, measuring/tracking a path loss reference RS may comprisemeasuring/tracking a path loss RS indicated by the path loss referenceRS.

In an example, the wireless device may measure/track one or more pathloss reference RSs among/of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. Inan example, a number of the one or more path loss reference RSs maydepend on a capability of the wireless device. The wireless device maytransmit, to the base station, a UE capability information indicatingthe number. In an example, a number of the one or more path lossreference RSs may be fixed/preconfigured/predefined. In an example, thenumber may be four. Based on the number being four, the wireless devicemay track/measure up to four path loss reference RSs of the plurality ofpath loss reference RSs. Based on the number being four, the wirelessdevice may not track/measure more than four path loss reference RSs ofthe plurality of path loss reference RSs. For example, in FIG. 18 attime TO, the one or more path loss reference RSs may comprise PL-RS 35,PL-RS 12, PL-RS 8, and PL-RS 23. In FIG. 18 at time T1, the one or morepath loss reference RSs may comprise PL-RS 35, PL-RS 42, PL-RS 8, andPL-RS 57.

In an example, a number of one or more path loss reference RSs maycomprise a cardinality (e.g., number of elements) of the one or morepath loss reference RSs. For example, when the one or more path lossreference RSs comprise {PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1}, the number is two. When theone or more path loss reference RSs comprise {PL-RS 20, PL-RS 43, PL-RS32}, the number is three. When the one or more path loss reference RSscomprise {PL-RS 4, PL-RS 19, PL-RS 45, PL-RS 56, PL-RS 63}, the numberis five.

In an example, the wireless device may measure/track the plurality ofpath loss reference RSs for path loss estimation of uplink transmissions(e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS). The wireless device may measure/track theplurality of path loss reference RSs based on a first number of theplurality of path loss reference RSs being equal to or less than thenumber. In an example, the one or more path loss reference RSs and theone or more path loss reference RSs may be the same based on a firstnumber of the plurality of path loss reference RSs being equal to orless than the number.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more path loss reference RS indices (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 ) for the one or morepath loss reference RSs. The plurality of path loss reference RS indicesof the plurality of path loss reference RSs may comprise the one or morepath loss reference RS indices of the one or more path loss referenceRSs. In an example, each path loss reference RS of the one or more pathloss reference RSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a respectivepath loss reference RS index of the one or more path loss reference RSindices of the plurality of path loss reference RS indices. In anexample, a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 35 in FIG. 18 ) ofthe one or more path loss reference RSs may be identified by (or maycomprise) a first path loss reference RS index of the one or more pathloss reference RS indices. In an example, a second path loss referenceRS (e.g., PL-RS 12 in FIG. 18 ) of the one or more path loss referenceRSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a second path loss referenceRS index of the one or more path loss reference RS indices, and so on.

In an example, each power control parameter set of the plurality ofpower control parameter sets may indicate a respective path lossreference RS of the one or more path loss reference RSs of the pluralityof path loss reference RSs. In an example, a first power controlparameter set (e.g., Power control parameter set-0) of the plurality ofpower control parameter sets may indicate a first path loss reference RS(PL-RS 35) of the one or more path loss reference RSs. A second powercontrol parameter set (e.g., Power control parameter set-1) of theplurality of power control parameter sets may indicate a second pathloss reference RS (PL-RS 12 at time TO and PL-RS 42 at time T1) of theone or more path loss reference RSs. A third power control parameter set(e.g., Power control parameter set-4) of the plurality of power controlparameter sets may indicate a third path loss reference RS (PL-RS 12 attime TO and PL-RS 57 at time T1) of the one or more path loss referenceRSs, and so on. In an example, the first path loss reference RS and thesecond path loss reference RS may be different. In an example, the firstpath loss reference RS and the second path loss reference RS may be thesame (e.g., for Power control parameter set-0 and Power controlparameter set-5 indicating PL-RS 35 at time T1 in FIG. 18 ). A powercontrol parameter set of the plurality of power control parameter setsindicating a path loss reference RS of the one or more path lossreference RSs of the plurality of path loss reference RSs may comprisethat the power control parameter set comprises a path loss reference RSindex (e.g., by sri PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 ), of theone or more path loss reference RS indices of the plurality of path lossreference RS indices, identifying/indicating the path loss reference RS.The path loss reference RS index, in the power control parameter set,indicating/identifying the path loss reference RS may comprise that thepath loss reference RS index in the power control parameter set is equalto a path loss reference index, among the plurality of path lossreference RS indices (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterPUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 ), of (or identifying) the pathloss reference RS.

In an example, the one or more path loss reference RSs may be mapped (orlinked) to the plurality of power control parameter sets. In an example,a path loss reference RS of the one or more path loss reference RSs maybe mapped (or linked) to a power control parameter set of the pluralityof power control parameter sets. In an example, each path loss referenceRS of the one or more path loss reference RSs may be mapped (or linked)to a respective power control parameter set of the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets. In an example, the mapping may be one-to-onemapping. In an example, the mapping may be one-to-many mapping. In anexample, the mapping may be many-to-one mapping. For example, in FIG. 18at time T1, for the one-to-many mapping, PL-RS 35 may be mapped (orlinked) to Power control parameter set-0 and Power control parameterset-5. PL-RS 57 may be mapped (or linked) to Power control parameterset-3 and Power control parameter set-4. For the one-to-one mapping,PL-RS 42 may be mapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-1.PL-RS 8 may be mapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-2.

In an example, the plurality of power control parameter sets may bemapped (or linked) to the one or more path loss reference RSs of theplurality of path loss reference RSs. In an example, a power controlparameter set of the plurality of power control parameter sets may bemapped (or linked) to a path loss reference RS of the one or more pathloss reference RSs of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. In anexample, each power control parameter set of the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets may be mapped (or linked) to a respective pathloss reference RS of the one or more path loss reference RSs of theplurality of path loss reference RSs. In an example, the mapping may beone-to-one mapping. In an example, the mapping may be one-to-manymapping. In an example, the mapping may be many-to-one mapping. Forexample, in FIG. 18 at time T1, Power control parameter set-0 is mapped(or linked) to PL-RS 35; Power control parameter set-1 is mapped (orlinked) to PL-RS 42; Power control parameter set-2 is mapped (or linked)to PL-RS 8; Power control parameter set-3 is mapped (or linked) to PL-RS57; and so on.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate thepath loss reference RS for the power control parameter set. For example,in FIG. 18 at time TO, the one or more configuration parameters indicatePL-RS 35 for Power control parameter set-0 and Power control parameterset-3, PL-RS 12 for Power control parameter set-1 and Power controlparameter set-4, PL-RS 8 for Power control parameter set-2, and PL-RS 23for Power control parameter set-5. For example, in FIG. 18 at time T1,the one or more configuration parameters indicate PL-RS 35 for Powercontrol parameter set-0, and PL-RS 8 for Power control parameter set-2(e.g., as activation command received at time T1 has not updated PL-RSsof Power control parameter set-0 and Power control parameter set-2).

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation command(e.g., at time T1 in FIG. 18 ). In an example, the activation commandmay be a MAC CE (e.g., an example given in FIG. 19 ). In an example, theactivation command may be an RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration). Inan example, the activation command may be a DCI (e.g., comprising anuplink grant or a downlink assignment).

In an example, the activation command may indicate the path lossreference RS for the power control parameter set. For example, in FIG.18 at time T1, the activation command indicates PL-RS 42 for Powercontrol parameter set-1, PL-RS 57 for Power control parameter set-3 andPower control parameter set-4, and PL-RS 35 for Power control parameterset-5. In an example, the activation command indicating the path lossreference RS for the power control parameter set may comprise that theactivation command comprises a first field (e.g., PL-RS ID in FIG. 19 )indicating the path loss reference RS and a second field indicating thepower control parameter set (e.g., SRI ID in FIG. 19 ). The first fieldindicating the path loss reference RS may comprise that the first fieldcomprises a path loss reference RS index (e.g., provided by a higherlayer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 or by a higherlayer parameter sri PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 ), of theone or more path loss reference RS indices of the plurality of path lossreference RS indices, identifying/indicating the path loss reference RS.The second field indicating the power control parameter set may comprisethat the second field comprises a power control index, among the powercontrol indices of the plurality of power control parameter sets,identifying/indicating the power control parameter set.

In an example, the activation command may update a mapping between theplurality of power control parameter sets and the plurality of path lossreference RSs.

In an example, the mapping may be one-to-one mapping. In the one-to-onemapping, a path loss reference RS of the plurality of path lossreference RSs may be mapped (or linked) to a first power controlparameter set of the plurality of power control parameter sets. The pathloss reference RS may not be mapped (or linked) to a second powercontrol parameter set, of the plurality of power control parameter sets,different from the first power control parameter set based on themapping being one-to-one mapping. In FIG. 18 at time TO, PL-RS 23 ismapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-5. PL-RS 8 is mapped(or linked) to Power control parameter set-2. In FIG. 18 at time T1,PL-RS 42 is mapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-1. PL-RS 8is mapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-2.

In an example, the mapping may be one-to-many mapping. In theone-to-many mapping, a path loss reference RS of the plurality of pathloss reference RSs may be mapped (or linked) to at least two powercontrol parameter sets of the plurality of power control parameter sets.In FIG. 18 at time TO, PL-RS 35 is mapped (or linked) to Power controlparameter set-0 and Power control parameter set-3. PL-RS 12 is mapped(or linked) to Power control parameter set-1 and Power control parameterset-4. In FIG. 18 at time T1, PL-RS 35 is mapped (or linked) to Powercontrol parameter set-0 and Power control parameter set-5. PL-RS 57 ismapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-3 and Power controlparameter set-4.

In an example, the mapping may be many-to-one mapping. In themany-to-one mapping, at least two path loss reference RSs of theplurality of path loss reference RSs may be mapped (or linked) to apower control parameter set of the plurality of power control parametersets.

In an example, the updating the mapping between the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets and the plurality of path loss reference RSs maycomprise mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) at least one pathloss reference RS of the plurality of path loss reference RSs to (orfor) at least one power control parameter set of the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets. In an example, the mapping of the at least onepath loss reference RS may be one-to-one mapping. In an example, themapping of the at least one path loss reference RS may be one-to-manymapping. In an example, the mapping of the at least one path lossreference RS may be many-to-one mapping.

In an example, the mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) the atleast one path loss reference RS to (or for) the at least one powercontrol parameter set may comprise mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating) each path loss reference RS of the atleast one path loss reference RS to (or for) a respective power controlparameter set of the at least one power control parameter set. In anexample, the mapping of each path loss reference RS may be one-to-onemapping. In an example, the mapping of each path loss reference RS maybe one-to-many mapping. In an example, the mapping of each path lossreference RS may be many-to-one mapping.

In an example, the activation command may comprise a first field (e.g.,PL-RS ID in FIG. 19 ) indicating the at least one path loss reference RSand a second field indicating the at least one power control parameterset (e.g., SRI ID in FIG. 19 ). The activation command may comprise afirst field indicating each path loss reference RS of the at least onepath loss reference RS and a second field indicating each power controlparameter set of the at least one power control parameter set. Theactivation command may comprise a first field indicating a path lossreference RS of the at least one path loss reference RS and a secondfield indicating a power control parameter set of the at least one powercontrol parameter set. Based on the first field indicating the path lossreference RS and the second field indicating the power control parameterset, the wireless device may map (or link) the path loss reference RS tothe power control parameter set. The mapping (or linking) the path lossreference RS to the power control parameter set may compriseupdating/activating the path loss reference RS for the power controlparameter set. In an example, the first field may indicate PL-RS 42(e.g., PL-RS ID_0 in FIG. 19 ) and the second field may indicate Powercontrol parameter set-1 (e.g., SRI ID_0 in FIG. 19 ). In an example, thefirst field may indicate PL-RS 57 (e.g., PL-RS ID_1 in FIG. 19 ) and thesecond field may indicate Power control parameter set-3 (e.g., SRI ID_1in FIG. 19 ). In an example, the first field may indicate PL-RS 57(e.g., PL-RS ID_{M−1} in FIG. 19 ) and the second field may indicatePower control parameter set-4 (e.g., SRI ID{M−1} in FIG. 19 ). In anexample, the first field may indicate PL-RS 35 (e.g., PL-RS ID_M in FIG.19 ) and the second field may indicate Power control parameter set-5(e.g., SRI ID_M in FIG. 19 ). In an example, based on the first fieldindicating the at least one path loss reference RS and the second fieldindicating the at least one power control parameter set, the wirelessdevice may map (or update/select/activate) the at least one path lossreference RS to (or for) the at least one power control parameter set.

In an example, the at least one path loss reference RS may comprisePL-RS 42 and PL-RS 57 in FIG. 18 . The at least one power controlparameter set may comprise Power control parameter set-1, Power controlparameter set-3, Power control parameter set-4, and Power controlparameter set-5. The wireless device may not measure/track the at leastone path loss reference RS before the receiving the activation command(or before the activation command is applied). In FIG. 18 , based on thereceiving the activation command (at time T1), PL-RS 42 is mapped (orlinked) to Power control parameter set-1, PL-RS 57 is mapped (or linked)to Power control parameter set-3 and Power control parameter set-4, andPL-RS 35 is mapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-5.

In an example, the at least one path loss reference RS may comprisePL-RS 42, PL-RS 57 and PL-RS 35 in FIG. 18 . The at least one powercontrol parameter set may comprise Power control parameter set-1, Powercontrol parameter set-3, Power control parameter set-4, and Powercontrol parameter set-5. The wireless device may not measure/track afirst subset of the at least one path loss reference RS before thereceiving the activation command (or before the activation command isapplied). The first subset may comprise PL-RS 42 and PL-RS 57. Thewireless device may measure/track a second subset of the at least onepath loss reference RS before the receiving the activation command (orbefore the activation command is applied). The second subset maycomprise PL-RS 35. In FIG. 18 , based on the receiving the activationcommand (at time T1), PL-RS 42 is mapped (or linked) to Power controlparameter set-1, PL-RS 57 is mapped (or linked) to Power controlparameter set-3 and Power control parameter set-4, and PL-RS 35 ismapped (or linked) to Power control parameter set-5.

In an example, the one or more path loss reference RSs measured/trackedmay comprise the at least one path loss reference RS. For example, theone or more path loss reference RSs measured/tracked after the receivingthe activation command (or after the activation command is applied) maycomprise PL-RS 35, PL-RS 42, PL-RS 8, and PL-RS 57. For example, the oneor more path loss reference RSs measured/tracked before the receivingthe activation command (or before the activation command is applied) maycomprise PL-RS 35, PL-RS 12, PL-RS 8, and PL-RS 23.

In an example, a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 12) of theone or more path loss reference RSs at time TO in FIG. 18 may be mapped(or linked) to a power control parameter (e.g., Power control parameterset-1) of the plurality of power control parameters. The first path lossreference RS may indicate a first path loss RS (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index,NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId in FIG. 17 ). In an example, the activationcommand may map (or update/select/activate/indicate) a second path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 42), among the plurality of path lossreference RSs, for the power control parameter set. The second path lossreference RS may indicate a second path loss RS (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index,NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId in FIG. 17 ). The wireless device maydetermine/calculate a higher filtered RSRP value of the second path lossRS for a path loss measurement. The wireless device may use the higherfiltered RSRP value of the second path loss RS at (or after) anapplication time. In an example, the wireless device may determine thatthe wireless device does not track/measure the second path loss RSbefore the receiving the activation command. The wireless device may usethe higher filtered RSRP value of the second path loss RS at (or after)the application time based on the determining. The application time maybe slot n+k slot(s). The slot n may be the slot that the wireless devicereceives the activation command. In an example, k slot(s) may befixed/preconfigured/predefined. In an example, the one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate a value for the k slot(s) (e.g., 1slot, 2 slots, 3 slots). In an example, the k slot(s) may depend on anumber of measurement samples of the second path loss RS. For example,the number of measurement samples may be five. The k slot(s) may be thefirst (or next) slot after measuring the second path loss RS five timesbased on the number being five. The k slot(s) may be the first (or next)slot after the fifth measurement sample of the second path loss RS basedon the number being five. In an example, the wireless device maytransmit an acknowledgement (ACK) for the activation command. The firstmeasurement sample, among the number of measurement samples, maycorrespond to a first instance that the wireless device measures thesecond path loss RS a time duration after transmitting the ACK for theactivation command. In an example, the time duration may befixed/predefined/preconfigured (e.g., 3 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms). In an example,the time duration may depend on a capability of a wireless device (e.g.,PDSCH and/or PUSCH and/or PUCCH processing time). In an example, thetime duration may depend on a subcarrier spacing of the active uplinkBWP and/or the active downlink BWP. In an example, the wireless devicemay use a higher filtered RSRP value of the first path loss RS for apath loss measurement before the application time. In an example, beforethe activation command being applied may comprise before the applicationtime. In an example, applying the activation command may comprise usingthe higher filtered RSRP value of the second path loss RS indicated bythe activation command. In an example, before the activation beingapplied may comprise before the application time. The wireless devicemay apply the activation command at (or after or based on) theapplication time.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to report/transmit apower headroom report for the cell (or for the active uplink BWP of thecell or for the active uplink BWP of an uplink carrier (e.g., SUL, NUL)of the cell).

In an example, the power headroom report may be a Type 1 power headroomreport (e.g., for PUSCH transmission occasions). In an example, thepower headroom report may be a Type 2 power headroom report (e.g., forPUCCH transmission occasions). In an example, the power headroom reportmay be a Type 3 power headroom report (e.g., for SRS transmissionoccasions). The power headroom report may be valid for an uplinktransmission occasion (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS) on an active uplink BWPof an uplink carrier (e.g., SUL, NUL) of the cell.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to report/transmit thepower headroom report after the activation command is received (or afterthe activation command is applied, e.g., after time T1 in FIG. 18 ).

In an example, the wireless device may determine to report/transmit thepower headroom report before the activation command is received (orbefore the activation command is applied, e.g., between time TO and timeT1 in FIG. 18 ).

In an example, the power headroom report may be based on a referenceuplink transmission. In an example, the reference uplink transmissionmay be a reference PUSCH transmission. In an example, the referenceuplink transmission may be a reference SRS transmission. In an example,the reference uplink transmission may be a reference PUCCH transmission.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters mayindicate/comprise a path loss RS update parameter (e.g.,enablePLRSupdateForPUSCHSRS). Based on the one or more configurationparameters indicating/comprising the path loss RS update parameter, theactivation command may update the mapping between the plurality pathloss reference RSs and the plurality of power control parameter sets.

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select a path lossreference RS among the one or more path loss reference RSs (e.g., PL-RS35, PL-RS 42, PL-RS 8, and PL-RS 57 in FIG. 18 ) for the power headroomreport (e.g., time T2 in FIG. 18 ).

In an example, the (determined/selected) path loss reference RS mayindicate a path loss RS (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterreferenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId in FIG.17 ). The path loss reference RS indicating the path loss RS maycomprise the path loss reference RS comprises a path loss RS index(e.g., ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, or an RS resource index)indicating/identifying the path loss RS (e.g., SSB, SS/PBCH, CSI-RS).The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the path loss RSindex for the path loss RS.

In an example, a path loss reference RS index (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in FIG. 17 ), of theone or more path loss reference RS indices of the plurality of path lossreference RS indices, may identify/indicate the (determined/selected)path loss reference RS. In an example, the wireless device may determinethe path loss RS index (or the RS resource index) of the path loss RSfrom (or based on) the path loss reference RS index of the(determined/selected) path loss reference RS.

In an example, the wireless device may determine/compute/calculate apath loss estimation for the power headroom report based on the pathloss RS (indicated/identified by the path loss RS index). In response tothe determining/selecting the path loss reference RS, the wirelessdevice may determine/compute/calculate a path loss estimation for thepower headroom report based on the path loss RS.

In an example, the determining/computing/calculating the path lossestimation based on the path loss RS may comprise calculating a downlinkpath loss estimate for the power headroom report based on (e.g.,measuring) the path loss RS.

In an example, the wireless device may transmit/report the powerheadroom report based on the determining/computing/calculating the pathloss estimation (e.g., time T3 in FIG. 18 ). The wireless device maytransmit/report the power headroom report with the path loss estimation.The wireless device may transmit/report the power headroom report in aMAC CE (e.g., Single Entry PHR MAC CE, Multiple Entry PHR MAC CE). Thewireless device may transmit/report the power headroom report via thecell (e.g., or via the active uplink BWP of the cell, or via the activeuplink BWP of an uplink carrier (e.g., SUL, NUL) of the cell. Thewireless device may transmit/report the power headroom report via PUSCHof the cell (or the active uplink BWP of the cell). The PUSCH maycomprise the MAC CE (e.g., Single Entry PHR MAC CE, Multiple Entry PHRMAC CE).

In an example, the determining/selecting the path loss reference RSamong the one or more path loss reference RSs may be based on the one ormore configuration parameters indicating/comprising the path loss RSupdate parameter (e.g., enablePLRSupdateForPUSCHSRS). The wirelessdevice may determine/select the path loss reference RS among the one ormore path loss reference RSs when the one or more configurationparameters indicate/comprise the path loss RS update parameter (e.g.,enablePLRSupdateForPUSCHSRS).

In an example, the determining/selecting the path loss reference RSamong the one or more path loss reference RSs may comprisedetermining/selecting a path loss reference RS (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS or a higher layerparameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in in FIG. 17 ), among the one ormore path loss reference RSs, mapped (or linked) to a power controlparameter, among the plurality of power control parameters, with a powercontrol index (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterSRI-PUSCH-PowerControlId in FIG. 17 ) that is equal to zero. In anexample, the power control parameter may be identified with the powercontrol index. The power control indices of the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets may comprise the power control index of the powercontrol parameter. The power control index may be equal to zero. In anexample, the path loss reference RS index of the path loss reference RSmay be mapped to the power control parameter with the power controlindex that is equal to zero.

In an example, a path loss reference RS being mapped (or linked) to apower control parameter may comprise a path loss reference RS index of(or identifying) the path loss reference RS is mapped (or linked) to thepower control parameter.

For example, in FIG. 18 , when a power control index of Power Controlparameter set-0 is equal to zero, then the (determined/selected) pathloss reference RS is PL-RS 35. When a power control index of PowerControl parameter set-1 is equal to zero, then the (determined/selected)path loss reference RS is PL-RS 42. When a power control index of PowerControl parameter set-4 is equal to zero, then the (determined/selected)path loss reference RS is PL-RS 57.

In an example, the determining/selecting the path loss reference RSamong the one or more path loss reference RSs may comprisedetermining/selecting a path loss reference RS (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS or a higher layerparameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in in FIG. 17 ), among the one ormore path loss reference RSs, mapped (or linked) to a power controlparameter, among the plurality of power control parameters, with alowest (or highest) power control index (e.g., provided by a higherlayer parameter SRI-PUSCH-PowerControlId in FIG. 17 ) among the powercontrol indices of the plurality of power control parameters. Forexample, in FIG. 18 , when a power control index of Power Controlparameter set-0 is lowest (or highest) among power control indices ofPower Control parameter set-0, Power Control parameter set-1, . . . ,Power Control parameter set-5, then the (determined/selected) path lossreference RS is PL-RS 35. When a power control index of Power Controlparameter set-4 is lowest (or highest) among power control indices ofPower Control parameter set-0, Power Control parameter set-1, . . . ,Power Control parameter set-5, then the (determined/selected) path lossreference RS is PL-RS 57.

In an example, the determining/selecting the path loss reference RSamong the one or more path loss reference RSs may comprisedetermining/selecting a path loss reference RS (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS or a higher layerparameter PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in in FIG. 17 ) with a lowest (orhighest) path loss reference RS index among the one or more path lossreference indices of the one or more path loss reference RSs. Forexample, in FIG. 18 , when a path loss reference RS index of PL-RS 35 islowest (or highest) among path loss reference RS indices of PL-RS 35,PL-RS 42, PL-RS 8, PL-RS 57, then the (determined/selected) path lossreference RS is PL-RS 35. When a path loss reference RS index of PL-RS57 is lowest (or highest) among path loss reference RS indices of PL-RS35, PL-RS 42, PL-RS 8, PL-RS 57, then the (determined/selected) pathloss reference RS is PL-RS 57.

In an example, the activation command may comprise a field indicatingthe path loss reference RS. The field indicating the path loss referenceRS may comprise that the field comprises a path loss reference index of(or identifying) the path loss reference RS. In an example, the one ormore path loss reference indices may comprise the path loss referenceindex. In an example, the plurality of path loss reference RS indicesmay comprise the path loss reference index. In an example, thedetermining/selecting the path loss reference RS among the one or morepath loss reference RSs may comprise the determining/selecting the pathloss reference RS indicated by the activation command.

In an example, the first field of the activation command indicating theat least one path loss reference RS may comprise one or more path lossreference RS entries (e.g., PL-RS ID_0, PL-RS ID_1, . . . , PL-RSID_{M−1}, PL-RS ID_M in FIG. 19 ). In an example, a first path lossreference RS entry (e.g., PL-RS ID_0) among the one or more path lossreference RS entries may comprise a path loss reference RS index of (oridentifying) the (determined/selected) path loss reference RS. The firstpath loss reference RS entry may comprise the path loss reference RSindex in the lowest octet (e.g., Octet 2 in FIG. 19 ) of the activationcommand. The determining/selecting the path loss reference RS among theone or more path loss reference RSs may comprise thedetermining/selecting the path loss reference RS indicated by the firstpath loss reference RS entry of the activation command. Each path lossreference RS entry of the one or more path loss reference RS entries ofthe activation command may be associated with (or may identify) arespective path loss reference RS of the at least one path lossreference RS.

FIG. 20 is an example flow diagram of power control as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messages. Theone or more messages may comprise one or more configuration parametersfor a cell (or an active uplink BWP of a cell, or an active uplink BWPof an uplink carrier of a cell). The one or more configurationparameters may indicate a plurality of path loss reference referencesignals (RSs) for path loss estimation of uplink transmissions. The oneor more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of powercontrol parameter sets for a physical uplink channel. In an example,each power control parameter set of the plurality of power controlparameter sets may be mapped (or linked) to a respective path lossreference RS of the plurality of path loss reference RSs.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicatepower control indices for the plurality of power control parameters.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of path loss reference RS indices for the plurality of pathloss reference RSs.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to report a powerheadroom report for the cell. The wireless device may determine/select apath loss reference RS among the plurality of path loss reference RSs.In an example, the path loss reference RS may be mapped to a powercontrol parameter set among the plurality of power control parametersets.

In an example, a first number of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs may be larger (or greater) than a number of path loss RSs thewireless device can measure/track, e.g., simultaneously. Based on thefirst number being larger (or greater) the number, the wireless devicemay not measure/track the plurality of path loss reference RSssimultaneously. For example, the number may be UE capability. In anexample, the number may be four. The first number may be five, eight,sixty-four, forty, etc. In an example, the power control parameter setmay be identified with a power control index that is equal to zero. Thepower control indices may comprise the power control index. The pathloss reference RS may be mapped to the power control parameter set withthe power control index that is equal to zero. In an example, the powercontrol parameter set may be identified with the power control indexthat is equal to zero when the first number is larger (or greater) thenumber. In an example, the power control parameter set may be identifiedwith the power control index that is equal to zero based on the one ormore configuration parameters indicating/comprising the path loss RSupdate parameter (e.g., enablePLRSupdateForPUSCHSRS).

In an example, a first number of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs may be equal to or smaller (or less) than a number of path loss RSsthe wireless device can measure/track, e.g., simultaneously. Based onthe first number being equal to or smaller than the number, the wirelessdevice may measure/track the plurality of path loss reference RSssimultaneously. For example, the number may be UE capability. In anexample, the number may be four. The first number may be four, three,two, one. In an example, the path loss reference RS may be identifiedwith a path loss reference RS index that is equal to zero. The pluralityof path loss reference RS indices may comprise the path loss referenceRS index. In an example, the path loss reference RS may be mapped to apower control parameter set among the plurality of power controlparameter sets. In an example, the path loss reference RS may not bemapped to a power control parameter set among the plurality of powercontrol parameter sets. In an example, the path loss reference RS may beidentified with the path loss reference RS index that is equal to zerowhen the first number is equal to or smaller than the number. In anexample, the one the one or more configuration parameters may notindicate/comprise a path loss RS update parameter (e.g.,enablePLRSupdateForPUSCHSRS). In an example, the path loss reference RSmay be identified with the path loss reference RS index that is equal tozero based on the one or more configuration parameters notindicating/comprising the path loss RS update parameter (e.g.,enablePLRSupdateForPUSCHSRS).

In an example, the wireless device may determine a path loss RS (or apath loss RS index or a RS resource index) from the path loss referenceRS. In an example, the wireless device may compute a path lossestimation for the power headroom report based on the path lossreference RS. Computing the path loss estimation based on the path lossreference RS may comprise computing the path loss estimation based onthe path loss RS indicated by the path loss reference RS. The wirelessdevice may measure, e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, higher filtered RSRP, of thepath loss RS to compute the path loss estimation.

In an example, the wireless device may transmit the power headroomreport. The wireless device may transmit the power headroom report basedon the computing the path loss estimation. The wireless device maytransmit the power headroom report with the path loss estimation. Thewireless device may transmit the power headroom report indicating thepath loss estimation.

FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are examples of power control as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 23 is an example of a MAC CEfor power control as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. FIG. 24 is an example flow diagram of power control as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure discussed in FIG.21 . FIG. 25 is an example flow diagram of power control as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure discussed in FIG. 22 .

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messages (e.g.,at time TO in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ). In an example, the wireless device mayreceive the one or more messages from a base station. The one or moremessages may comprise one or more configuration parameters (e.g.,Configuration parameters in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for acell (e.g., PCell, SCell, PUCCH SCell). In an example, being for thecell may comprise being for an active uplink BWP of the cell. In anexample, being for the cell may comprise being for an active downlinkBWP of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more uplink resources (e.g., Uplink Resources in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ).The one or more uplink resources may be on/for the cell (or the activeuplink BWP of the cell). In an example, the one or more uplink resources(e.g., Uplink resource 0, Uplink resource 1, and Uplink resource 2 inFIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) may comprise one or more PUCCH resources.

In an example, the one or more uplink resources may comprise one or moreSRS resources. In an example, the one or more SRS resources may not beused for beam management. In an example, a usage parameter for an SRSresource of the one or more SRS resources may not be beamManagement(e.g., usage !=beamManagement, usage=codebook, usage=noncodebook,usage=AntennaSwitching).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more uplink resource indices (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUCCH-ResourceId) for the one or more uplink resources. In anexample, each uplink resource of the one or more uplink resources may beidentified by (or may comprise) a respective uplink resource index ofthe one or more uplink resource indices. In an example, a first uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of one or moreuplink resources may be identified by (or may comprise) a first uplinkresource index (e.g., 0, 1, 10, 15, 63) of the one or more uplinkresource indices. A second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 1 inFIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of one or more uplink resources may be identified by(or may comprise) a second uplink resource index (e.g., 2, 5, 30, 43,61) of the one or more uplink resource indices. A third uplink resource(e.g., Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of one or more uplinkresources may be identified by (or may comprise) a third uplink resourceindex (e.g., 4, 13, 29, 42, 62) of the one or more uplink resourceindices.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of path loss reference RSs (e.g., Pathloss reference RSs inFIG. 21 -FIG. 22 , provided by a higher layer parameterPUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS) for path loss estimation of uplinktransmissions (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS). In FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 , theplurality of path loss reference RSs may comprise PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1,PL-RS 2, . . . , PL-RS 63.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of path loss reference RS indices (e.g., provided by a higherlayer parameter PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id) for the plurality of pathloss reference RSs. In an example, each path loss reference RS of theplurality of path loss reference RSs may be identified by (or maycomprise) a respective path loss reference RS index of the plurality ofpath loss reference RS indices. In an example, a first path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a firstpath loss reference RS index (e.g., 0, 1, 10, 63) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RS indices. In an example, a second path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 1 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a secondpath loss reference RS index (e.g., 3, 5, 25, 54) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RS indices, and so on.

In an example, each path loss reference RS of the plurality of path lossreference RSs may indicate/comprise a respective path loss RS (e.g.,provided by a higher layer parameter referenceSignal, ssb-index,csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId). In an example, a first path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of the plurality ofpath loss reference RSs may indicate a first path loss RS (or maycomprise a first index of/identifying the first path loss RS). In anexample, a second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 1 in FIG. 21 -FIG.22 ) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs may indicate a secondpath loss RS (or may comprise a second index of/identifying the secondpath loss reference RS). The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate path loss RSs for the plurality of path loss reference RSs. Theone or more configuration parameters may indicate a respective path lossRS of the path loss RSs for each path loss reference RS of the pluralityof path loss reference RSs.

In an example, measuring/tracking a path loss reference RS may comprisemeasuring/tracking a path loss RS indicated by the path loss referenceRS. For example, measuring/tracking the first path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 0 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) may comprise measuring/tracking thefirst path loss RS indicated by the first path loss reference RS.Measuring/tracking the second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 1 inFIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) may comprise measuring/tracking the second path lossRS indicated by the second path loss reference RS.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters (e.g., RRCconfiguration, RRC reconfiguration, etc.) may comprise/indicate aplurality of spatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo in FIG. 21-FIG. 22 , e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterPUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo). In FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 , the plurality ofspatial relation info may comprise SpatialRelationInfo-0,SpatialRelationInfo-1, SpatialRelationInfo-2, and SpatialRelationInfo-3.

In an example, the plurality of spatial relation info may be(configured) for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissionvia/of the cell. In an example, the plurality of spatial relation infomay be (configured) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)transmission via/of the cell. In an example, the plurality of spatialrelation info may be (configured) for a sounding reference signal (SRS)transmission via/of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters (or theplurality of spatial relation info) may indicate (or comprise) spatialrelation info indices (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterPUCCH-SpatialRelationInfoId) for the plurality of spatial relation info.In an example, each spatial relation info of the plurality of spatialrelation info may be identified by (or may comprise) a respectivespatial relation info index of the spatial relation info indices. In anexample, a first spatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-0 inFIG. 21 -FIG. 22 ) of the plurality of spatial relation info may beidentified by a first spatial relation info index (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 15,63, 50) of the spatial relation info indices. In an example, a secondspatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-1 in FIG. 21 -FIG. 22 )of the plurality of spatial relation info may be identified by a secondspatial relation info index (e.g., 3, 4, 7, 9, 14, 55, 60) of thespatial relation info indices. In an example, the first spatial relationinfo index and the second spatial relation info index may be different.The first spatial relation info index and the second spatial relationinfo index may be different based on the first spatial relation info andthe second spatial relation info being different.

In an example, each spatial relation info of the plurality of spatialrelation info may indicate a respective path loss reference RS of theplurality of path loss reference RSs. In an example, a first spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-0) of the plurality of spatialrelation info may indicate a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS23) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. A second spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-1) of the plurality of spatialrelation info may indicate a second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS6) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. A third of spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2) of the plurality of spatialrelation info may indicate a third path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS45) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. A fourth of spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-3) of the plurality of spatialrelation info may indicate a fourth path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS62) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs, and so on. In anexample, the first path loss reference RS and the second path lossreference RS may be different (e.g., for SpatialRelationInfo-0 andSpatialRelationInfo-1 may indicate different path loss reference RSs,e.g., PL-RS 23 !=PL-RS 6). In an example, the first path loss referenceRS and the second path loss reference RS may be the same (e.g., forSpatialRelationInfo-0 and SpatialRelationInfo-1 may indicate the samepath loss reference RS, e.g., PL-RS 23=PL-RS 6). A spatial relation infoof the plurality of spatial relation info indicating a path lossreference RS of the plurality of path loss reference RSs may comprisethat the spatial relation info comprises a path loss reference RS index(e.g., by PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id), of the plurality of path lossreference RS indices, identifying/indicating the path loss reference RS.The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the path lossreference RS index of the path loss reference RS for the spatialrelation info. The path loss reference RS index, in the spatial relationinfo, indicating/identifying the path loss reference RS may comprisethat the path loss reference RS index in the spatial relation info isequal to a path loss reference index, among the plurality of path lossreference RS indices (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterPUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id), of (or identifying) the path lossreference RS.

In an example, a first number of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs may be larger (or greater) than a number of path loss RSs that thewireless device can measure/track, e.g., simultaneously. Based on thefirst number being larger (or greater) the number, the wireless devicemay not measure/track the plurality of path loss reference RSssimultaneously. For example, the number may be UE capability. Forexample, the number may be fixed/preconfigured/predefined. In anexample, the number may be four. The first number may be five, eight,sixty-four, forty, etc. In an example, based on the first number beinglarger (or greater) than the number, the wireless device maydetermine/select one or more path loss reference RSs among the pluralityof path loss reference RSs. The wireless device may measure/track theone or more path loss reference RSs based on the determining/selectingthe one or more path loss reference RSs. The one or more path lossreference RSs may be a subset of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs. In an example, a second number of the one or more path lossreference RSs may be equal to or smaller (or less) than the number. Thesecond number may be four, three, two, one. The wireless device maymeasure/track the one or more path loss reference RSs simultaneouslybased on the second number beiFIGng equal to or smaller (or less) thanthe number.

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select the one or morepath loss reference RSs based on the plurality of path loss reference RSindices of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. Thedetermining/selecting the one or more path loss reference RSs based onthe plurality of path loss reference RS indices may comprisedetermining/selecting one or more path loss reference RSs with thelowest (or highest) one or more path loss reference RS indices among theplurality of path loss reference RS indices of the plurality of pathloss reference RSs. The determining/selecting the one or more path lossreference RSs based on the plurality of path loss reference RS indicesmay comprise determining/selecting the number (e.g., four, two) (of)path loss reference RSs with the lowest (or highest) path loss referenceRS indices among the plurality of path loss reference RS indices of theplurality of path loss reference RSs. In an example, the number of pathloss RSs that the wireless device can measure/track simultaneously maybe four. In FIG. 21 , PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3 may have thelowest (or highest) four path loss reference RS indices among sixty fourpath loss reference RS indices of PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, . . . , PL-RS 63.The wireless device may determine/select PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2 andPL-RS 3, among PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, . . . , PL-RS 63, to track/measure,e.g., simultaneously, based on the PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3having the lowest (or highest) four path loss reference RS indices. Inan example, the number of path loss RSs that the wireless device canmeasure/track simultaneously may be four. Based on a first path lossreference RS index of a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0), asecond path loss reference RS index of a second path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 1), a third path loss reference RS index of a third pathloss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 2), and a fourth path loss reference RSindex of a fourth path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 23) being lowest(or highest) among the plurality of path loss reference RS indices ofthe plurality of path loss reference RSs, the wireless device maydetermine/select the first path loss reference RS, the second path lossreference RS, the third path loss reference RS, and the fourth path lossreference RS to measure/track. In an example, the number of path lossRSs that the wireless device can measure/track simultaneously may betwo. Based on a first path loss reference RS index of a first path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0) and a second path loss reference RS indexof a second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 1) being lowest (orhighest) among the plurality of path loss reference RS indices of theplurality of path loss reference RSs, the wireless device maydetermine/select the first path loss reference RS and the second pathloss reference RS to measure/track. The plurality of path loss referenceRSs may comprise the first path loss reference RS and the second pathloss reference RS. The plurality of path loss reference RSs may comprisethe third path loss reference RS and the fourth path loss reference RS.The plurality of path loss reference RS indices may comprise the firstpath loss reference RS index and the second path loss reference RSindex. The plurality of path loss reference RS indices may comprise thethird path loss reference RS index and the fourth path loss reference RSindex.

In an example, the determining/selecting the one or more path lossreference RSs based on the plurality of path loss reference RS indicesmay comprise determining/selecting the first the number (of) path lossreference RS of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. For example,when the number is one, the wireless device may select the first onepath loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0) of the plurality of path lossreference RSs. When the number is two, the wireless device may selectthe first two path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1) of theplurality of path loss reference RSs. When the number is three, thewireless device may select the first three path loss reference RS (e.g.,PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2) of the plurality of path loss reference RSs.When the number is four, the wireless device may select the first fourpath loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, PL-RS 3) of theplurality of path loss reference RSs.

In an example, the one or more path loss reference RSs may comprise afirst path loss reference RS of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs. In an example, the first path loss reference RS may be identifiedwith a first path loss reference RS index, among the plurality of pathloss reference RS indices, that is equal to zero (e.g., PL-RS 0). In anexample, the first path loss reference RS may be identified with alowest path loss reference RS index among the plurality of path lossreference RS indices of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. In anexample, the one or more path loss reference RSs may not comprise asecond path loss reference RS of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs. In an example, the second path loss reference RS may be identifiedwith a second path loss reference RS index, among the plurality of pathloss reference RS indices, that is different from zero (e.g., PL-RS 1,PL-RS 32). In an example, the second path loss reference RS may not beidentified with a lowest path loss reference RS index among theplurality of path loss reference RS indices of the plurality of pathloss reference RSs.

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select the one or morepath loss reference RSs based on the spatial relation info indices ofthe plurality of spatial relation info. The determining/selecting theone or more path loss reference RSs based on the spatial relation infoindices may comprise determining/selecting one or more path lossreference RSs indicated by a subset of spatial relation info, among theplurality of spatial relation info, with the lowest (or highest) spatialrelation info indices among the spatial relation info indices of theplurality of spatial relation info. The determining/selecting the one ormore path loss reference RSs based on the spatial relation info indicesmay comprise determining/selecting the number (e.g., four) (of) pathloss reference RSs indicated by a subset of spatial relation info, amongthe plurality of spatial relation info, with the lowest (or highest)spatial relation info indices among the spatial relation info indices ofthe plurality of spatial relation. The number (of) path loss referenceRSs may be different. A number of the number (of) path loss referenceRSs may be equal to or smaller (or less) than the number that thewireless device can measure/track simultaneously. In an example, thenumber of path loss RSs that the wireless device can measure/tracksimultaneously may be two. In FIG. 21 , SpatialRelationInfo-0 andSpatialRelationInfo-1 may have the lowest (or highest) two spatialrelation info indices among four spatial relation info indices ofSpatialRelationInfo-0, SpatialRelationInfo-1, SpatialRelationInfo-2, andSpatialRelationInfo-3. The wireless device may determine/select PL-RS 23indicated by SpatialRelationInfo-0 and PL-RS 6 indicated bySpatialRelationInfo-1 among PL-RS 23, PL-RS 6, PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62, totrack/measure, e.g., simultaneously, based on the SpatialRelationInfo-0and SpatialRelationInfo-1 having the lowest (or highest) two spatialrelation info indices.

In an example, the number of path loss RSs that the wireless device canmeasure/track simultaneously may be two. Based on a first spatialrelation info index of a first spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo-0) and a second spatial relation info index of asecond spatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-1) being lowest(or highest) among the spatial relation info indices of the plurality ofspatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-0,SpatialRelationInfo-1, SpatialRelationInfo-2, andSpatialRelationInfo-3), the wireless device may determine/select a firstpath loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 23) indicated by the first spatialrelation info and a second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 6)indicated by the second spatial relation info. The plurality of pathloss reference RSs may comprise the first path loss reference RS and thesecond path loss reference RS. The plurality of spatial relation infomay comprise the first spatial relation info and the second spatialrelation info. The spatial relation info indices may comprise the firstspatial relation info index and the second spatial relation info index.The first path loss reference RS and the second path loss reference RSmay be different. The first path loss reference RS and the second pathloss reference RS being different may comprise that a first path loss RSindicated by the first path loss reference RS and a second path loss RSindicated by the second path loss reference RS are different.

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select the one or morepath loss reference RSs based on a second plurality of path lossreference RS indices of a second plurality of path loss reference RSs.The plurality of path loss reference RS indices may comprise the secondplurality of path loss reference RS indices. The plurality of path lossreference RSs may comprise the second plurality of path loss referenceRSs. The plurality of spatial relation info may indicate the secondplurality of path loss reference RSs. Each spatial relation info of theplurality of spatial relation info may indicate a respective path lossreference RS of the second plurality of path loss reference RSs Forexample, in FIG. 21 , the second plurality of path loss reference RSsmay comprise PL-RS 23, PL-RS 6, PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62. Thedetermining/selecting the one or more path loss reference RSs based onthe second plurality of path loss reference RS indices may comprisedetermining/selecting one or more path loss reference RSs with thelowest (or highest) one or more path loss reference RS indices among thesecond plurality of path loss reference RS indices of the secondplurality of path loss reference RSs. The determining/selecting the oneor more path loss reference RSs based on the second plurality of pathloss reference RS indices may comprise determining/selecting the number(e.g., four, two) (of) path loss reference RSs with the lowest (orhighest) path loss reference RS indices among the second plurality ofpath loss reference RS indices of the second plurality of path lossreference RSs.

In an example, the number of path loss RSs that the wireless device canmeasure/track simultaneously may be two. Based on a first path lossreference RS index of a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 23)indicated by a first spatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-0)and a second path loss reference RS index of a second path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 6) indicated by a second spatial relation info(e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-1) being lowest (or highest) among the secondplurality of path loss reference RS indices of the second plurality ofpath loss reference RSs (e.g., PL-RS 23, PL-RS 6, PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62)indicated by the plurality of spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo-0, SpatialRelationInfo-1, SpatialRelationInfo-2,SpatialRelationInfo-3), the wireless device may determine/select thefirst path loss reference RS and the second path loss reference RS totrack/measure. The second plurality of path loss reference RSs maycomprise the first path loss reference RS and the second path lossreference RS. The second plurality of path loss reference RS indices maycomprise the first path loss reference RS index and the second path lossreference RS index. The plurality of spatial relation info may comprisethe first spatial relation info and the second spatial relation info.

In an example, the wireless device may measure/track the one or morepath loss reference RSs until receiving an activation command (e.g.,Activation command at time T1 in FIG. 21 ). In an example, the wirelessdevice may measure/track the one or more path loss reference RSs untilthe activation command is applied. In an example, the wireless devicemay measure/track the one or more path loss reference RSs based on thereceiving the one or more configuration parameters indicating theplurality of path loss reference RSs (e.g., at time TO in FIG. 21 ). Theactivation command may map (or update/select/activate) at least onespatial relation info, among the plurality of spatial relation info, to(or for) at least one uplink resource of the one or more uplinkresources.

In an example, the wireless device may measure/track the one or morepath loss reference RSs simultaneously. In an example, a first number ofthe plurality of path loss reference RSs may be equal to or smaller (orless) than the number of path loss RSs that the wireless device canmeasure/track, e.g., simultaneously. Based on the first number beingequal to or smaller (or less) the number, the wireless device maymeasure/track the plurality of path loss reference RSs simultaneously.Based on the first number being equal to or smaller (or less) thenumber, the plurality of path loss reference RSs and the one or morepath loss reference RSs may be the same. A second number of the one ormore path loss reference RSs may be equal to the first number.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more path loss reference RS indices (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id) for the one or more path lossreference RSs. The plurality of path loss reference RS indices of theplurality of path loss reference RSs may comprise the one or more pathloss reference RS indices of the one or more path loss reference RSs. Inan example, each path loss reference RS of the one or more path lossreference RSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a respective pathloss reference RS index of the one or more path loss reference RSindices of the plurality of path loss reference RS indices. In anexample, a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45 in FIG. 22 ) ofthe one or more path loss reference RSs may be identified by (or maycomprise) a first path loss reference RS index of the one or more pathloss reference RS indices. In an example, a second path loss referenceRS (e.g., PL-RS 62 in FIG. 22 ) of the one or more path loss referenceRSs may be identified by (or may comprise) a second path loss referenceRS index of the one or more path loss reference RS indices, and so on.

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation command(e.g., at time T1 in FIG. 22 ). In an example, the activation commandmay be a MAC CE (e.g., PUCCH spatial relation Activation/DeactivationMAC CE, SP SRS Activation/Deactivation MAC CE). In an example, theactivation command may be an RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration). Inan example, the activation command may be a DCI (e.g., comprising anuplink grant or a downlink assignment).

In an example, the activation command may update a mapping between theplurality of spatial relation info and the one or more uplink resources.

In an example, the updating the mapping between the plurality of spatialrelation info and the one or more uplink resources may comprise mapping(or updating/selecting/activating) at least one spatial relation info ofthe plurality of spatial relation info to (or for) at least one uplinkresource of the one or more uplink resources.

In an example, the mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) of the atleast one spatial relation info to (or for) the at least one uplinkresource may be one-to-one mapping. In the one-to-one mapping, a spatialrelation info of the at least one spatial relation info may be mapped(or updated/selected/activated) to (or for) a first uplink resource ofthe one or more uplink resources. The spatial relation info may not bemapped (or updated/selected/activated) to (or for) a second uplinkresource, of the one or more uplink resources, different from the firstuplink resource based on the mapping being one-to-one mapping. In FIG.22 , SpatialRelationInfo-2 is mapped (or linked) to Uplink resource 0and SpatialRelationInfo-3 is mapped (or linked) to Uplink resource 2.

In an example, the mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) of the atleast one spatial relation info to (or for) the at least one uplinkresource may be one-to-many mapping. In the one-to-many mapping, aspatial relation info of the at least one spatial relation info may bemapped (or updated/selected/activated) to (or for) at least two uplinkresources of the one or more uplink resources. For example, in FIG. 22 ,for the one-to-many mapping, SpatialRelationInfo-2 may be mapped (orupdated/selected/activated) to (or for) Uplink resource 0 and Uplinkresource 2. SpatialRelationInfo-3 may be mapped (orupdated/selected/activated) to (or for) Uplink resource 0 and Uplinkresource 2.

In an example, the mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) of the atleast one spatial relation info to (or for) the at least one uplinkresource may be many-to-one mapping. In the many-to-one mapping, atleast two spatial relation info of the at least one spatial relationinfo may be mapped (or updated/selected/activated) to (or for) an uplinkresource of the one or more uplink resources. For example, in FIG. 22 ,for the many-to-one mapping, SpatialRelationInfo-2 andSpatialRelationInfo-3 may be mapped (or updated/selected/activated) to(or for) Uplink resource 0. SpatialRelationInfo-2 andSpatialRelationInfo-3 may be mapped (or updated/selected/activated) to(or for) Uplink resource 2.

In an example, the mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) the atleast one spatial relation info to (or for) the at least one uplinkresource may comprise mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating/indicating) each spatial relation info ofthe at least one spatial relation info to (or for) a respective uplinkresource of the at least one uplink resource. For example, in FIG. 22 ,the at least one spatial relation info may compriseSpatialRelationInfo-2 and SpatialRelationInfo-3. The at least one uplinkresource may comprise Uplink resource 0 and Uplink resource 2. Based onthe receiving the activation command, SpatialRelationInfo-2 is mapped(or updated/selected/activated) to (or for) the Uplink resource 0 andSpatialRelationInfo-3 is mapped (or updated/selected/activated) to (orfor) the Uplink resource 2.

In an example, the activation command may comprise a first field (e.g.,Spatial Relation Info ID in FIG. 23 ) indicating the at least onespatial relation info and a second field indicating the at least oneuplink resource (e.g., Uplink Resource ID in FIG. 23 ). The activationcommand may comprise a first field indicating each spatial relation infoof the at least one spatial relation info and a second field indicatingeach uplink resource of the at least one uplink resource. The activationcommand may comprise a first field indicating a spatial relation info ofthe at least one spatial relation info and a second field indicating anuplink resource of the at least one uplink resource. The first fieldindicating the spatial relation info may comprise that the first fieldcomprises a spatial relation index, among the spatial relation infoindices, indicating the spatial relation. The second field indicatingthe uplink resource may comprise that the second field comprises anuplink resource index, among the one or more uplink resource indices,indicating the uplink resource. Based on the first field indicating thespatial relation info and the second field indicating the uplinkresource, the wireless device may map (or update/select/activate) thespatial relation info to (for) the uplink resource. The mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating) the spatial relation info to the uplinkresource may comprise updating/activating the spatial relation info forthe uplink resource. In an example, the first field may indicateSpatialRelationInfo-2 (e.g., Spatial Relation Info ID_0 in FIG. 23 ) andthe second field may indicate Uplink resource 0 (e.g., Uplink ResourceID_0 in FIG. 23 ). Based on the first field indicatingSpatialRelationInfo-2 and the second field indicating Uplink resource 0,the wireless device may map (or update/select/activate)SpatialRelationInfo-2 to (or for) Uplink resource 0. In an example, thefirst field may indicate SpatialRelationInfo-3 (e.g., Spatial RelationInfo ID_1 in FIG. 23 ) and the second field may indicate Uplink resource2 (e.g., Uplink Resource ID_1 in FIG. 23 ). Based on the first fieldindicating SpatialRelationInfo-3 and the second field indicating Uplinkresource 2, the wireless device may map (or update/select/activate)SpatialRelationInfo-3 to (or for) Uplink resource 2. In an example,based on the first field indicating the at least one spatial relationinfo and the second field indicating the at least one uplink resource,the wireless device may map (or update/select/activate) the at least onespatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2 andSpatialRelationInfo-3 in FIG. 22 ) to (or for) the at least one uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0 and Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ).

In an example, the mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) the atleast one spatial relation info to (or for) the at least one uplinkresource may comprise mapping (or updating/selecting/activating) atleast one path loss reference RS, among the plurality of path lossreference RSs, indicated by the at least one spatial relation info to(or for) the at least one uplink resource. In an example, the mapping(or updating/selecting/activating) the at least one spatial relationinfo to (or for) the at least one uplink resource may comprise mapping(or updating/selecting/activating) a path loss reference RS indicated byeach spatial relation info of the at least one spatial relation info to(or for) a respective uplink resource of the at least one uplinkresource. For example, in FIG. 22 , the at least one path loss referenceRS is PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62. In an example, each spatial relation infoof the at least one spatial relation info may indicate a respective pathloss reference RS of the at least one path loss reference RS of theplurality of path loss reference RSs. In an example, a first spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2) of the at least one spatialrelation info may indicate a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS45) of the at least one path loss reference RS of the plurality of pathloss reference RSs. A second spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo-3) of the at least one spatial relation info mayindicate a second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 62) of the atleast one path loss reference RS of the plurality of path loss referenceRSs. In an example, in FIG. 22 , based on the receiving the activationcommand, the wireless device may map (or update/select/activate) thefirst path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45) in the first spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2) to (or for) a first uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) of the at least one uplink resourceand map (or update/select/activate) the second path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 62) in the second spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo-3) to (or for) a second uplink resource (e.g.,Uplink resource 2) of the at least one uplink resource.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate atleast one path loss reference RS index (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id) for the at least one path lossreference RS. The plurality of path loss reference RS indices of theplurality of path loss reference RSs may comprise the at least one pathloss reference RS index of the at least one path loss reference RS. Inan example, each path loss reference RS of the at least one path lossreference RS may be identified by (or may comprise) a respective pathloss reference RS index of the at least one path loss reference RS indexof the plurality of path loss reference RS indices. In an example, afirst path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45 in FIG. 22 ) of the atleast one path loss reference RS may be identified by (or may comprise)a first path loss reference RS index of the at least one path lossreference RS index. In an example, a second path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 62 in FIG. 22 ) of the at least one path loss reference RSmay be identified by (or may comprise) a second path loss reference RSindex of the at least one path loss reference RS index, and so on.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate atleast one spatial relation info index (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfoId) for the at least one spatialrelation info. The spatial relation info indices of the plurality ofspatial relation info may comprise the at least one spatial relationinfo index of the at least one spatial relation info. In an example,each spatial relation info of the at least one spatial relation info maybe identified by (or may comprise) a respective spatial relation infoindex of the at least one spatial relation info index of the spatialrelation info indices. In an example, a first spatial relation info(e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2 in FIG. 22 ) of the at least one spatialrelation info may be identified by (or may comprise) a first spatialrelation info index of the at least one spatial relation info index. Asecond spatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-3 in FIG. 22 )of the at least one spatial relation info may be identified by (or maycomprise) a second spatial relation info index of the at least onespatial relation info index.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate atleast one uplink resource index (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUCCH-ResourceId) for the at least one uplink resource. Theone or more uplink resource indices of the one or more uplink resourcesmay comprise the at least one uplink resource index of the at least oneuplink resource. In an example, each uplink resource of the at least oneuplink resource may be identified by (or may comprise) a respectiveuplink resource index of the at least one uplink resource index of theone or more uplink resource indices. In an example, a first uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource-0 in FIG. 22 ) of the at least oneuplink resource may be identified by (or may comprise) a first uplinkresource index of the at least one uplink resource index. A seconduplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource-2 in FIG. 22 ) of the at leastone uplink resource may be identified by (or may comprise) a seconduplink resource index of the at least one uplink resource index.

In an example, based on the receiving the activation command, thewireless device may stop tracking/measuring the one or more path lossreference RSs (e.g., PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, PL-RS 3). Based on thereceiving the activation command, the wireless device may starttracking/measuring the at least one path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS45, PL-RS 62). In an example, a first number of the one or more pathloss reference RSs and the at least one path loss reference RS may begreater (or larger) than the number. In an example, a first number ofdifferent path loss reference RSs in the one or more path loss referenceRSs and the at least one path loss reference RS may be greater (orlarger) than the number. In an example, the stopping tracking/measuringthe one or more path loss reference RSs may be based on the first numberbeing greater than the number.

In an example, based on the receiving the activation command, thewireless device may stop tracking/measuring a subset of the one or morepath loss reference RSs (e.g., PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, PL-RS 3). Thewireless device may keep measuring/tracking one or more second path lossreference RSs, among the one or more path loss reference RSs, differentfrom the subset of the one or more path loss reference RSs. Based on thereceiving the activation command, the wireless device may starttracking/measuring the at least one path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS45, PL-RS 62). The wireless device may track/measure the at least onepath loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45, PL-RS 62) and the one or moresecond path loss reference RSs. In an example, a first number of the oneor more path loss reference RSs and the at least one path loss referenceRS may be greater (or larger) than the number. In an example, a firstnumber of different path loss reference RSs in the one or more path lossreference RSs and the at least one path loss reference RS may be greater(or larger) than the number. In an example, the stoppingtracking/measuring the subset of the one or more path loss reference RSsmay be based on the first number being greater than the number. Forexample, when i) the number is four, ii) the one or more path lossreference RSs comprise PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, and PL-RS 3, and iii)the at least one path loss reference RS comprises PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62,the wireless device may stop tracking/measuring PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3 andmay track/measure PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62. The subset ofthe one or more path loss reference RSs comprises PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3.The one or more second path loss reference RSs comprise PL-RS 0 andPL-RS 1. For example, when i) the number is four, ii) the one or morepath loss reference RSs comprise PL-RS 0, PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2, and PL-RS 3,and iii) the at least one path loss reference RS comprises PL-RS 8,PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62, the wireless device may stop tracking/measuringPL-RS 1, PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3 and may track/measure PL-RS 0, PL-RS 8,PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62. The subset of the one or more path loss referenceRSs comprises PL-RS 1, PL-RS 2 and PL-RS 3. The one or more second pathloss reference RSs comprise PL-RS 0.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to transmit, via anuplink resource of the one or more uplink resources, an uplinkinformation/signaling. In an example, the wireless device may determinethat the uplink resource for transmitting the uplinkinformation/signaling is not configured/activated/updated/provided witha spatial relation info (e.g., PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo). The at leastone uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0 and Uplink resource 2 inFIG. 22 ) may not comprise the uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 1in FIG. 22 ). The activation command (e.g., at time T1 in FIG. 22 ) mayindicate the at least one uplink resource. In an example, the uplinkresource not being configured/activated/updated/provided with thespatial relation info may comprise that the one or more configurationparameters do not indicate a spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo in FIG. 22 , e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo). The one or more configurationparameters may not indicate the spatial relation info for the uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 1 in FIG. 22 ). In an example, theuplink resource not being configured/activated/updated/provided with thespatial relation info may comprise that the one or more configurationparameters do not indicate a spatial relation info, among the pluralityof spatial relation info, for the uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource1 in FIG. 22 ).

In an example, the uplink resource not beingconfigured/activated/updated/provided with the spatial relation info maycomprise that the activation command (e.g., received at time T1) doesnot map (or update/select/activate/indicate) a spatial relation info ofthe plurality of spatial relation info to (or for) the uplink resource.The activation command not mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating/indicating) the spatial relation info to(or for) the uplink resource may comprise that the activation commanddoes not indicate the uplink resource (or does not comprise a secondfield indicating the uplink resource).

In an example, the uplink resource not beingconfigured/activated/updated/provided with the spatial relation info maycomprise not receiving an activation command (e.g., PUCCH spatialrelation Activation/Deactivation MAC CE, SP SRS Activation/DeactivationMAC CE) mapping (or updating/selecting/activating/indicating) a spatialrelation info of the plurality of spatial relation info to (or for) theuplink resource.

In an example, the uplink information/signaling may comprise a PUCCHtransmission. In an example, the uplink information/signaling maycomprise an uplink control information (UCI). The UCI may comprise aHARQ-ACK information (e.g., ACK, NACK). The UCI may comprise ascheduling request (SR). The UCI may comprise a CSI report. In anexample, the uplink information/signaling may comprise an SRStransmission.

In an example, the uplink resource may be/comprise a PUCCH resource. Inan example, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource,based on receiving a DCI scheduling a transport block (e.g., PDSCH). TheDCI may comprise a field (e.g., PUCCH resource indicator field)indicating the uplink resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for a PUCCHtransmission (e.g., HARQ-ACK information/feedback). The wireless devicemay transmit HARQ-ACK information/feedback of the transport block in thePUCCH transmission via the uplink resource. In an example, the wirelessdevice may transmit, via the uplink resource, an SR for requesting anuplink grant (or for requesting UL-SCH resources). In an example, thewireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, a CSI report(e.g., periodic). The one or more configuration parameters may indicatethe uplink resource for the CSI report.

In an example, based on the determining that the uplink resource is notconfigured/activated/updated/provided with the spatial relation info, attime T2 in FIG. 22 , the wireless device may select/determine a pathloss reference RS among the at least one path loss reference RS (e.g.,PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62). The wireless device may determine/calculate atransmission power for transmitting the uplink information/signaling viathe uplink resource based on the (selected/determined) path lossreference RS.

In an example, the wireless device may use/measure a path loss RS (e.g.,CSI-RS, SS/PBCH, e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterreferenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId)indicated by the path loss reference RS to determine the transmissionpower. The path loss reference RS may comprise an index (e.g.,referenceSignal, csi-RS index, ssb-Index) indicating/identifying thepath loss RS. The determining/calculating the transmission power basedon the (selected/determined) path loss reference RS may comprisedetermining/calculating the transmission power based on the path loss RSindicated by path loss reference RS. The determining/calculating thetransmission power based on the path loss RS may comprise calculating adownlink path loss estimate for the transmission power based on (e.g.,measuring) the path loss RS (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP or higher filteredRSRP of the path loss RS).

In an example, based on the determining the transmission power, thewireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, the uplinkinformation/signaling based on the determined/calculated transmissionpower. In an example, based on the determining/calculating thetransmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplinkresource, the uplink information/signaling based on the transmissionpower. In an example, based on the determining/calculating thetransmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplinkresource, the uplink information/signaling with the transmission power.In an example, based on the determining/calculating the transmissionpower, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, theuplink information/signaling based on the downlink pathloss estimate.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least onepath loss reference RS, with a lowest (or highest) path loss referenceindex among the at least one path loss reference RS index of the atleast one path loss reference RS. For example, in FIG. 22 , when a firstpath loss reference index of a first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS45) is lower (or higher) than a second path loss reference index of asecond path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 62), the wireless device mayselect/determine the first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45) asthe path loss reference RS. When the first path loss reference index ofthe first path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45) is higher (or lower)than the second path loss reference index of the second path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 62), the wireless device may select/determinethe second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 62) as the path lossreference RS. The at least one path loss reference RS may comprise thefirst path loss reference RS and the second path loss reference RS. Theat least one path loss reference RS index may comprise the first pathloss reference RS index and the second path loss reference RS index.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least onepath loss reference RS, indicated by a spatial relation info, among theat least one spatial relation info, with a lowest (or highest) spatialrelation info index among the at least one spatial relation info indexof the at least one spatial relation info. For example, in FIG. 22 ,when a first spatial relation info index of a first spatial relationinfo (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2) is lower (or higher) than a secondspatial relation info index of a second spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo-3), the wireless device may select/determine a firstpath loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45) indicated by the first spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2) as the path loss referenceRS. When the first spatial relation info index of the first spatialrelation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-2) is higher (or lower) thanthe second spatial relation info index of the second spatial relationinfo (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo-3), the wireless device mayselect/determine a second path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 62)indicated by the second spatial relation info (e.g.,SpatialRelationInfo-3) as the path loss reference RS. The at least onespatial relation info index may comprise the first spatial relation infoindex and the second spatial relation info index. The at least onespatial relation info may comprise the first spatial relation info andthe second spatial relation info. The at least one path loss referenceRS may comprise the first path loss reference RS and the second pathloss reference RS.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least onepath loss reference RS, mapped (updated/selected/activated) to (or for)an uplink resource, among the at least one uplink resource, with alowest (or highest) uplink resource index among the at least one uplinkresource index of the at least one uplink resource. For example, in FIG.22 , when a first uplink resource index of a first uplink resource(e.g., Uplink resource 0) is lower (or higher) than a second uplinkresource index of a second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 2),the wireless device may select/determine a first path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 45) mapped (updated/selected/activated) to (or for) thefirst uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) as the path lossreference RS. When the first uplink resource index of the first uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) is higher (or lower) than the seconduplink resource index of the second uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 2), the wireless device may select/determine a second path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 62) mapped (updated/selected/activated) to (orfor) the second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 2) as the pathloss reference RS. The at least one path loss reference RS may comprisethe first path loss reference RS and the second path loss reference RS.The at least one uplink resource may comprise the first uplink resourceand the second uplink resource. The at least one uplink resource indexmay comprise the first uplink resource index and the second uplinkresource index.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least onepath loss reference RS, mapped (updated/selected/activated) to (or for)an uplink resource, among the at least one uplink resource, with anuplink resource index, among the at least one uplink resource index,that is equal to a value. In an example, the value may be zero. Forexample, in FIG. 22 , when a first uplink resource index of a firstuplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) is equal to the value (e.g.,zero), the wireless device may select/determine a first path lossreference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45) mapped (updated/selected/activated) to (orfor) the first uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) as the pathloss reference RS. When a second uplink resource index of a seconduplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 2) is equal to the value (e.g.,zero), the wireless device may select a second path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 62) mapped (updated/selected/activated) to (or for) thesecond uplink resource as the path loss reference RS. The at least oneuplink resource may comprise the first uplink resource and the seconduplink resource. The at least one uplink resource index may comprise thefirst uplink resource index and the second uplink resource index. The atleast one path loss reference RS may comprise the first path lossreference RS and the second path loss reference RS.

In an example, the activation command may comprise a field indicatingthe (selected/determined) path loss reference RS. The field indicatingthe path loss reference RS may comprise that the field comprises a pathloss reference index of (or identifying) the path loss reference RS. Inan example, the plurality of path loss reference RS indices may comprisethe path loss reference index. In an example, the determining/selectingthe path loss reference RS may comprise the determining/selecting thepath loss reference RS indicated by the activation command.

In an example, the first field of the activation command indicating theat least one spatial relation may comprise that the first fieldcomprises one or more spatial relation info entries (e.g., SpatialRelation Info ID_0, Spatial Relation Info ID_1). In an example, a firstspatial relation info entry (e.g., Spatial Relation Info ID_0) among theone or more spatial relation info entries may indicate a spatialrelation info indicating the (determined/selected) path loss referenceRS. The at least one spatial relation info may comprise the spatialrelation info. The at least one path loss reference RS may comprise the(determined/selected) path loss reference RS. The first spatial relationinfo entry may comprise a spatial relation info index indicating thespatial relation info. The at least one spatial relation info index maycomprise the spatial relation info index. The first spatial relationinfo entry may comprise the spatial relation info index in the lowestoctet (e.g., Octet 2 in FIG. 23 ) of the activation command. Thedetermining/selecting the path loss reference RS may comprise thedetermining/selecting a path loss reference RS indicated by the firstspatial relation info entry of the activation command. Each spatialrelation info entry of the one or more spatial relation info entries ofthe activation command may be associated with (or may identify or mayindicate) a respective spatial relation info, of the at least onespatial relation info, indicating a path loss reference RS of the atleast one path loss reference RS.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to transmit, via asecond uplink resource of the one or more uplink resources, an uplinkinformation/signaling. In an example, the wireless device may determinethat the second uplink resource for transmitting the uplinkinformation/signaling is configured/activated/updated/provided/indicatedwith a spatial relation info (e.g., PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo). The atleast one uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0 and Uplink resource 2in FIG. 22 ) may comprise the second uplink resource. The activationcommand (e.g., at time T1 in FIG. 22 ) may indicate the at least oneuplink resource. In an example, the second uplink resource beingconfigured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with the spatialrelation info may comprise that the one or more configuration parametersindicate one or more spatial relation info (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo inFIG. 22 , e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterPUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo). The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more spatial relation info for the second uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0, Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ). In anexample, the second uplink resource beingconfigured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with the spatialrelation info may comprise that the one or more configuration parametersindicate a spatial relation info, among the plurality of spatialrelation info, for the second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0,Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ).

In an example, the second uplink resource not beingconfigured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with the spatialrelation info may comprise that the activation command (e.g., receivedat time T1) maps (or updates/selects/activates/indicates) a spatialrelation info, of the plurality of spatial relation info, to (or for)the second uplink resource. The activation command mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating/indicating) the spatial relation info to(or for) the second uplink resource may comprise that the activationcommand indicates the second uplink resource (or comprises a secondfield indicating the second uplink resource).

In an example, the second uplink resource beingconfigured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with the spatialrelation info may comprise receiving an activation command (e.g., PUCCHspatial relation Activation/Deactivation MAC CE, SP SRSActivation/Deactivation MAC CE) mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating/indicating) a spatial relation info, ofthe plurality of spatial relation info, to (or for) the second uplinkresource.

In an example, the spatial relation info of the second uplink resourcemay indicate a path loss reference RS (e.g., PL-RS 45 or PL-RS 62) ofthe at least one path loss reference RS of the plurality of path lossreference RSs. The wireless device may determine/calculate atransmission power for transmitting the uplink information/signaling viathe second uplink resource based on the path loss reference RS indicatedby the spatial relation info configured/activated/updated/provided for(or indicated by) the second uplink resource.

In an example, the wireless device may use/measure a path loss RS (e.g.,CSI-RS, SS/PBCH, e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterreferenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId)indicated by the path loss reference RS to determine the transmissionpower. The path loss reference RS may comprise an index (e.g.,referenceSignal, csi-RS index, ssb-Index) indicating/identifying thepath loss RS. The determining/calculating the transmission power basedon the (selected/determined) path loss reference RS may comprisedetermining/calculating the transmission power based on the path loss RSindicated by path loss reference RS. The determining/calculating thetransmission power based on the path loss RS may comprise calculating adownlink path loss estimate for the transmission power based on (e.g.,measuring) the path loss RS (e.g., L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP or higher filteredRSRP of the path loss RS).

In an example, based on the determining the transmission power, thewireless device may transmit, via the second uplink resource, the uplinkinformation/signaling based on the determined/calculated transmissionpower. In an example, based on the determining/calculating thetransmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the seconduplink resource, the uplink information/signaling based on thetransmission power. In an example, based on the determining/calculatingthe transmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the seconduplink resource, the uplink information/signaling with the transmissionpower. In an example, based on the determining/calculating thetransmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the seconduplink resource, the uplink information/signaling based on the downlinkpathloss estimate.

FIG. 24 is an example flow diagram of power control as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure discussed in FIG. 21 .

FIG. 25 is an example flow diagram of power control as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure discussed in FIG. 22 .

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messages. Theone or more messages may comprise one or more configuration parametersfor a cell (or an active uplink BWP of a cell, or an active uplink BWPof an uplink carrier of a cell). The one or more configurationparameters may indicate a plurality of path loss reference referencesignals (RSs) for path loss estimation of uplink transmissions (e.g.,PUCCH transmissions).

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandupdating/activating/selecting at least one path loss reference RS amongthe plurality of path loss reference RSs.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to transmit an uplinkinformation/signaling (e.g., UCI, HARQ-ACK, CSI report, SR, PUCCH, etc.)via an uplink resource (e.g., PUCCH resource). The cell (or the activeuplink BWP of the cell, or the active uplink BWP of an uplink carrier ofthe cell) may comprise the uplink resource. The wireless device maydetermine that the uplink resource is notconfigured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with a spatial relationinfo. Based on the determining that the uplink resource is notconfigured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with the spatialrelation info, the wireless device may select/determine a path lossreference RS, among the plurality of path loss reference RSs, tocalculate/determine a transmission power.

In an example, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplinkresource, the uplink information/signaling with (or based on) thetransmission power.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RS maybe based on a path loss reference RS index of the path loss reference RSbeing lowest (or highest) among a plurality of path loss reference RSindices of the plurality of path loss reference RSs. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate the plurality of path lossreference RS indices.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RS maycomprise selecting a second uplink resource, different from the uplinkresource, configured/activated/updated/provided/indicated with a spatialrelation info. The activation command may map (oractivate/select/provide/indicate) the spatial relation info, indicatingthe path loss reference RS, to (or for) the second uplink resource. Theone or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more uplinkresources comprising the uplink resource and the second uplink resource.In an example, the second uplink resource may be identified with anuplink resource index that is equal to a value. The value may befixed/preconfigured/predefined (e.g., zero, one, etc.). The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate the value. In an example, thesecond uplink resource may be identified with an uplink resource indexthat is lowest (or highest) among at least one uplink resource index ofat least one uplink resource. The one or more uplink resources maycomprise the at least one uplink resource. The activation command mayindicate the at least one uplink resource.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of uplink resource group indices (or coreset group indices,coreset pool indices, PUCCH group indices, PUCCH resource group indices,antenna panel indices, or uplink resource group indices, and the like)for the one or more uplink resources. In an example, each uplinkresource of the one or more uplink resources may be indicated by (or maybe associated with or be configured with or may comprise) a respectiveuplink resource group index of the plurality of uplink resource groupindices. In an example, a first uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0in FIG. 22 ) of one or more uplink resources may be indicated by (or maybe associated with or be configured with or may comprise) a first uplinkresource group index (e.g., 0, 1, 2) of the plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices. A second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 1 in FIG.22 ) of one or more uplink resources may be indicated by (or may beassociated with or be configured with or may comprise) a second uplinkresource group index (e.g., 0, 1, 2) of the plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices. A third uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 2 in FIG.22 ) of one or more uplink resources may be indicated by (or may beassociated with or be configured with or may comprise) a third uplinkresource group index (e.g., 0, 1, 2) of the plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate arespective uplink resource group index (e.g., 0, 1, 2) of the pluralityof uplink resource group indices for each uplink resource of the one ormore uplink resources.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters indicating theplurality of uplink resource group indices may comprise that the one ormore configuration parameters indicate a plurality of uplink resourcegroups (e.g., Uplink resource group 1, Uplink resource group 2, etc.).Each uplink resource group index of the plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices may identify/indicate a respective uplink resource groupof the plurality of uplink resource groups.

For example, the active uplink BWP of the cell may comprise theplurality of uplink resource groups. In an example, the plurality ofuplink resource groups may comprise the one or more uplink resources(e.g., Uplink resource 0, Uplink resource 1, Uplink resource 2 in FIG.22 ). Each uplink resource group of the plurality of uplink resourcegroups may comprise respective one or more uplink resources (e.g.,Uplink resource 0 and Uplink resource 1 in FIG. 22 for Uplink resourcegroup 1; Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 for Uplink resource group 2). Inan example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate theone or more uplink resources grouped into the plurality of uplinkresource groups.

In an example, the plurality of uplink resource groups may comprise afirst uplink resource group (e.g., Uplink resource group 1) and a seconduplink resource group (e.g., Uplink resource group 2). The first uplinkresource group may comprise one or more first uplink resources (e.g.,Uplink resource 0 and Uplink resource 1 in FIG. 22 ) of the one or moreuplink resources. The second uplink resource group may comprise one ormore second uplink resources (e.g., Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ) ofthe one or more uplink resources.

In an example, the wireless device may be served (e.g., transmitted) bya plurality of TRPs comprising a first TRP and a second TRP. The firstTRP may receive, from the wireless device, an uplink signal/channel(e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS) via the first uplink resource group. Receivingthe uplink signal/channel via the first uplink resource group maycomprise that the first TRP receives (or monitors for) the uplinksignal/channel via an uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0, andUplink resource 1) among the first uplink resource group. The first TRPmay not receive an uplink signal/channel via the second uplink resourcegroup. Not receiving the uplink signal/channel via the second uplinkresource group may comprise that the first TRP does not receive (ormonitor for) the uplink signal/channel via an uplink resource (e.g.,Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ) among the second uplink resource group.The second TRP may receive, from the wireless device, an uplinksignal/channel via the second uplink resource group. Receiving theuplink signal/channel via the second uplink resource group may comprisethat the second TRP receives (or monitors for) the uplink signal/channelvia an uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ) among thesecond uplink resource group. The second TRP may not receive an uplinksignal/channel via the first uplink resource group. Not receiving theuplink signal/channel via the first uplink resource group may comprisethat the second TRP does not receive (or monitor for) the uplinksignal/channel via an uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0 andUplink resource 1) among the first uplink resource group.

In an example, an uplink resource, of the one or more uplink resources,being indicated by (or associated with or configured with or comprising)an uplink resource group index, among the plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices, may comprise that the one or more configurationparameters indicate the uplink resource group index for the uplinkresource. In an example, an uplink resource set may comprise a firstuplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 1 in FIG. 22 ) in/from/among thefirst uplink resource group and a second uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 2 in FIG. 22 ) in/from/among the second uplink resource group.The one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more uplinkresource sets comprising the uplink resource set.

In an example, an uplink resource, of the one or more uplink resources,being indicated by (or associated with or configured with or comprising)an uplink resource group index, among the plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices, may comprise that the one or more configurationparameters indicate the uplink resource group index for an uplinkresource set comprising the uplink resource. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate one or more uplink resource setscomprising the uplink resource set. In an example, an uplink resourceset, of the one or more uplink resource sets, comprising a first uplinkresource in/from/among the first uplink resource group may not comprisea second uplink resource in/from/among the second uplink resource group.In an example, an uplink resource set, of the one or more uplinkresource sets, comprising a second uplink resource in/from/among thesecond uplink resource group may not comprise a first uplink resourcein/from/among the first uplink resource group.

In an example, the wireless device may group first uplink resources, ofthe one or more uplink resources, with (or indicated with or associatedwith or configured with or comprising) the same uplink resource groupindex in a (same) uplink resource group of the plurality of uplinkresource groups. In an example, the wireless device may group seconduplink resources, of the one or more uplink resources, with differentuplink resource group indices in different uplink resource groups. In anexample, the first uplink resources in an uplink resource group of theplurality of uplink resource groups may comprise (or be configured withor associated with) the same uplink resource group index. In an example,the one or more configuration parameters may indicate the same uplinkresource group index for the first uplink resources in the uplinkresource group. First uplink resource group indices of the first uplinkresources in the uplink resource group may be the same/equal. In anexample, a respective uplink resource group index of each uplinkresource of the first uplink resources in the uplink resource group maybe the same/equal.

In an example, the one or more first uplink resources in the firstuplink resource group may have/share/comprise (or be configured with orbe associated with or identified with) the same uplink resource groupindex (e.g., 0, 1, 2, etc., for example a first uplink resource groupindex of Uplink resource 0 and a second uplink resource group index ofUplink resource 1 in the first uplink resource group are equal to thesame). In an example, the one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the same uplink resource group index for the one or more firstuplink resources in the first uplink resource group. In an example, theone or more configuration parameters may indicate the same uplinkresource group index for each uplink resource of the one or more firstuplink resources in the first uplink resource group. In an example, afirst uplink resource group index of a first uplink resource (e.g.,Uplink resource 0 in FIG. 22 ) in the first uplink resource group and asecond uplink resource group index of a second uplink resource (e.g.,Uplink resource 1 in FIG. 22 ) in the first uplink resource group may bethe same/equal. The wireless device may group the first uplink resourceand the second uplink resource in the first uplink resource group basedon the first uplink resource group index and the second uplink resourcegroup index being the same/equal. The first uplink resource and thesecond uplink resource may be in the same uplink resource group (e.g.,the first uplink resource group) based on the first uplink resourcegroup index and the second uplink resource group index being thesame/equal.

In an example, the one or more second uplink resources in the seconduplink resource group may have/share/comprise (or be configured with orbe associated with or identified with) the same uplink resource groupindex (e.g., 0, 1, 2 etc.). In an example, the one or more configurationparameters may indicate the same uplink resource group index for the oneor more second uplink resources in the second uplink resource group. Inan example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate thesame uplink resource group index for each uplink resource of the one ormore second uplink resources in the second uplink resource group. In anexample, a first uplink resource group index of a first uplink resource(e.g., Uplink resource 2 in FIG. 22 ) in the second uplink resourcegroup and a second uplink resource group index of a second uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 4) in the second uplink resource groupmay be the same/equal. The wireless device may group the first uplinkresource and the second uplink resource in the second uplink resourcegroup based on the first uplink resource group index and the seconduplink resource group index being the same/equal. The first uplinkresource and the second uplink resource may be in the same uplinkresource group (e.g., the second uplink resource group) based on thefirst uplink resource group index and the second uplink resource groupindex being the same/equal.

In an example, a first uplink resource group index of a first uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0 in FIG. 22 ) and a second uplinkresource group index of a second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource2 in FIG. 22 ) may be different. The wireless device may group the firstuplink resource and the second uplink resource in different uplinkresource groups based on the first uplink resource group index and thesecond uplink resource group index being different. In an example, thewireless device may group the first uplink resource in a first uplinkresource group. The wireless device may group the second uplink resourcein a second uplink resource group that is different from the firstuplink resource group based on the first uplink resource group index andthe second uplink resource group index being different.

In an example, the plurality of resource group indices may comprise thefirst uplink resource group index and the second uplink resource groupindex. The one or more uplink resources may comprise the first uplinkresource and the second uplink resource. The plurality of uplinkresource groups may comprise the first uplink resource group and thesecond uplink resource group.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicatean uplink resource group index for an uplink resource of the one or moreuplink resources. Based on the one or more configuration parameters notindicating the uplink resource group index for the uplink resource, thewireless device may set/determine a value for the uplink resource groupindex of the uplink resource.

In an example, the value may be zero. In an example, the value may beone. In an example, the value may be two. In an example, the value maybe three. In an example, the value may befixed/preconfigured/predefined. In an example, the one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate the value.

In an example, the wireless device may determine the value based on acoreset pool index of a coreset that the wireless receives a DCIscheduling a transport block (e.g., PDSCH). The DCI may comprise a field(e.g., PUCCH resource indicator field) indicating the uplink resource(e.g., PUCCH resource) for a PUCCH transmission (e.g., HARQ-ACKinformation/feedback). The wireless device may transmit HARQ-ACKinformation/feedback of the transport block in the PUCCH transmissionvia the uplink resource. The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the coreset pool index for the coreset. Based on the receiving,in/via the coreset with the coreset pool index, the DCI indicating theuplink resource, the wireless device may set/determine the value as/tothe coreset pool index. The value for the uplink resource group index ofthe uplink resource and the coreset pool index may be the same.

FIG. 26 is an example flow diagram of power control as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

In an example, the wireless device may determine to transmit, via anuplink resource of the one or more uplink resources, an uplinkinformation/signaling. In an example, the wireless device may determinethat the uplink resource, for transmitting the uplinkinformation/signaling, is not configured/activated/updated/provided witha spatial relation info (e.g., PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo).

In an example, the wireless device may select/determine at least oneselected uplink resource, among the at least one uplink resource, with aselected uplink resource group index that is equal to (or same as) as anuplink resource group index of the uplink resource. In an example, thewireless device may select/determine the at least one selected uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) based on the determining that theuplink resource is not configured/activated/updated/provided with thespatial relation info. The plurality of uplink resource group indicesmay comprise the selected uplink resource group index for (each uplinkresource of) the at least one selected uplink resource and the uplinkresource group index for the uplink resource. Each uplink resource inthe at least one selected uplink resource may comprise (or beindicated/associated with) the selected uplink resource group index thatis equal to the uplink resource group index of the uplink resource. Theselected uplink resource group index of each uplink resource in the atleast one selected uplink resource may be equal to (or same as) theuplink resource group index of the uplink resource.

In an example, the at least one selected uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 0) and the uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 1) may be inthe same uplink resource group of the plurality of uplink resourcegroups. A first uplink resource group of the at least one selecteduplink resource and a second uplink resource group of the uplinkresource may be the same. The plurality of uplink resource groups maycomprise the first uplink resource group and the second uplink resourcegroup.

For example, in FIG. 22 , the at least one uplink resource may comprisea first uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) and a second uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 2). A first uplink resource group indexof the first uplink resource may be equal to 0. A second uplink resourcegroup index of the second uplink resource may be equal to 1. When theuplink resource group index of the uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 1) is equal to 0, the at least one selected uplink resourcecomprises the first uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) based onthe first uplink resource group index of the first uplink resource andthe uplink resource group index of the uplink resource being equal (orthe same). When the uplink resource group index of the uplink resource(e.g., Uplink resource 1) is equal to 1, the at least one selecteduplink resource comprises the second uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 2) based on the second uplink resource group index of thesecond uplink resource and the uplink resource group index of the uplinkresource being equal (or the same). The plurality of uplink resourcegroup indices may comprise the first uplink resource group index and thesecond uplink resource group index.

In an example, the wireless device may be equipped with a plurality ofantenna panels.

In an example, an antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels maybe in one of an active state and a deactivated state. In an example, theactive state of an antenna panel may comprise monitoring a downlinkchannel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH, RS) on/via/with theantenna panel. In an example, the active state of an antenna panel maycomprise receiving a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS,PDSCH, RS) on/via/with the antenna panel. In an example, the activestate of an antenna panel may comprise transmitting an uplinksignal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.)on/via/with the antenna panel.

In an example, the deactivated state of an antenna panel may comprisenot monitoring a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS,PDSCH, RS) on/via/with the antenna panel. In an example, the deactivatedstate of an antenna panel may comprise not receiving a downlinkchannel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH, RS) on/via/with theantenna panel. In an example, the deactivated state of an antenna panelmay comprise not transmitting an uplink signal/channel (e.g., PUCCH,preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) on/via/with the antenna panel.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicatepanel indices (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter) for theplurality of antenna panels. In an example, each antenna panel of theplurality of antenna panels may be identified by a respective panelindex of the panel indices. In an example, a first antenna panel of theplurality of antenna panels may be identified by a first panel index ofthe panel indices. In an example, a second antenna panel of theplurality of antenna panels may be identified by a second panel index ofthe panel indices.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate thepanel indices for the one or more uplink resources. In an example, eachuplink resource of the one or more uplink resources may be indicated by(or may be associated with or be configured with or may comprise) arespective panel index of the panel indices.

In an example, an uplink resource being indicated by (or beingassociated with or being configured with or comprising) a panel indexmay comprise that the wireless device transmits, via the uplinkresource, an uplink information/signaling with an antenna panelidentified with the panel index.

In an example, the wireless device may select/determine at least oneselected uplink resource, among the at least one uplink resource, with aselected panel index that is equal to (or same as) as a panel index ofthe uplink resource. In an example, the wireless device mayselect/determine the at least one selected uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 0) based on the determining that the uplink resource is notconfigured/activated/updated/provided with the spatial relation info.The panel indices may comprise the selected panel index for (each uplinkresource of) the at least one selected uplink resource and the panelindex for the uplink resource. Each uplink resource in the at least oneselected uplink resource may comprise (or be indicated/associated with)the selected panel index that is equal to the panel index of the uplinkresource. The selected panel index of each uplink resource in the atleast one selected uplink resource may be equal to (or same as) thepanel index of the uplink resource.

In an example, an uplink resource with a panel index may comprise thatthe wireless device transmits, via the uplink resource, an uplinkinformation/signaling with an antenna panel identified with the panelindex.

In an example, the wireless device may transmit, via the at least oneselected uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) and the uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 1), an uplink information/signaling withthe same antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. A firstantenna panel of the at least one selected uplink resource and a secondantenna panel of the uplink resource may be the same. The plurality ofantenna panels may comprise the first antenna panel and the secondantenna panel.

For example, in FIG. 22 , the at least one uplink resource may comprisea first uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) and a second uplinkresource (e.g., Uplink resource 2). The wireless device may transmit,via the first uplink resource, with a first antenna panel identifiedwith a first panel index that is equal to 0. The wireless device maytransmit, via the second uplink resource, with a second antenna panelidentified with a second panel index that is equal to 1. When thewireless device transmits, via the uplink resource (e.g., Uplinkresource 1), with an antenna panel identified with the panel index thatis equal to 0, the at least one selected uplink resource comprises thefirst uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 0) based on the first panelindex of the first uplink resource and the panel index of the uplinkresource being equal (or the same). When the wireless device transmits,via the uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource 1), with an antenna panelidentified with the panel index that is equal to 1, the at least oneselected uplink resource comprises the second uplink resource (e.g.,Uplink resource 2) based on the second panel index of the second uplinkresource and the panel index of the uplink resource being equal (or thesame). The plurality of panel indices may comprise the first panel indexand the second panel index.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate atleast one selected uplink resource index (e.g., provided by a higherlayer parameter PUCCH-ResourceId) for the at least one selected uplinkresource. The at least one uplink resource index of the at least oneuplink resource may comprise the at least one selected uplink resourceindex of the at least one selected uplink resource. In an example, eachuplink resource of the at least one selected uplink resource may beidentified by (or may comprise) a respective uplink resource index ofthe at least one selected uplink resource index. In an example, a firstuplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource-0 in FIG. 22 ) of the at leastone selected uplink resource may be identified by (or may comprise) afirst uplink resource index of the at least one selected uplink resourceindex. A second uplink resource (e.g., Uplink resource-2 in FIG. 22 ) ofthe at least one selected uplink resource may be identified by (or maycomprise) a second uplink resource index of the at least one selecteduplink resource index.

In an example, the at least one selected uplink resource may indicate atleast one selected path loss reference RS. The at least one path lossreference RS may comprise the at least one selected path loss referenceRS. The at least one selected path loss reference RS may be mapped(updated/selected/activated) to (or for) the at least one selecteduplink resource. In an example, each path loss reference RS of the atleast one selected path loss reference RS may be mapped(updated/selected/activated) to (or for) a respective uplink resource ofthe at least one selected uplink resource.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate atleast one selected path loss reference RS index for the at least oneselected path loss reference RS. The at least one path loss reference RSindex may comprise the at least one selected path loss reference RSindex. In an example, each path loss reference RS of the at least oneselected path loss reference RS may be identified by (or may comprise) arespective path loss reference RS index of the at least one selectedpath loss reference RS index.

In an example, the activation command may map (orupdate/select/activate) at least one selected spatial relation info,among the at least one spatial relation info, to (or for) the at leastone selected uplink resource of the at least one uplink resource. Themapping (or updating/selecting/activating) the at least one selectedspatial relation info to (or for) the at least one selected uplinkresource may comprise mapping (orupdating/selecting/activating/indicating) each spatial relation info ofthe at least one selected spatial relation info to (or for) a respectiveuplink resource of the at least one selected uplink resource.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate atleast one selected spatial relation info index (e.g., provided by ahigher layer parameter PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfoId) for the at least oneselected spatial relation info. The at least one spatial relation infoindex may comprise the at least one selected spatial relation infoindex. In an example, each spatial relation info of the at least oneselected spatial relation info may be identified by (or may comprise) arespective spatial relation info index of the at least one selectedspatial relation info index.

In an example, based on the determining that the uplink resource is notconfigured/activated/updated/provided with the spatial relation info, attime T2 in FIG. 22 , the wireless device may select/determine a pathloss reference RS among the at least one selected path loss reference RS(e.g., PL-RS 45 and PL-RS 62). The wireless device maydetermine/calculate a transmission power for transmitting the uplinkinformation/signaling via the uplink resource based on the(selected/determined) path loss reference RS.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one selected path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least oneselected path loss reference RS, with a lowest (or highest) path lossreference index among the at least one selected path loss reference RSindex of the at least one selected path loss reference RS.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one selected path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least oneselected path loss reference RS, indicated by a spatial relation info,among the at least one selected spatial relation info, with a lowest (orhighest) spatial relation info index among the at least one selectedspatial relation info index of the at least one selected spatialrelation info.

In an example, the selecting/determining the path loss reference RSamong the at least one selected path loss reference RS may compriseselecting/determining a path loss reference RS, among the at least oneselected path loss reference RS, mapped (updated/selected/activated) to(or for) an uplink resource, among the at least one selected uplinkresource, with a lowest (or highest) uplink resource index among the atleast one selected uplink resource index of the at least one selecteduplink resource.

In an example, based on the determining the transmission power, thewireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, the uplinkinformation/signaling based on the determined/calculated transmissionpower. In an example, based on the determining/calculating thetransmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplinkresource, the uplink information/signaling based on the transmissionpower. In an example, based on the determining/calculating thetransmission power, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplinkresource, the uplink information/signaling with the transmission power.In an example, based on the determining/calculating the transmissionpower, the wireless device may transmit, via the uplink resource, theuplink information/signaling based on the downlink pathloss estimate.

FIG. 27 is an example flow diagram of power control as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

At 2710, a wireless device may determine that an activation command isable to update pathloss reference signals of an uplink channel. At 2720,in response to the activation command being able to update the pathlossreference signals, the wireless device may compute a power headroomreport based on a pathloss reference signal mapped to a power controlparameter set with an index equal to zero. At 2730, the wireless devicemay transmit the power headroom report.

The wireless device may receive one or more messages comprising one ormore configuration parameters. The one or more configuration parametersmay comprise a pathloss reference signal update parameter that enablesthe activation command to update the pathloss reference signals of theuplink channel.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: transmitting, by a basestation to a wireless device, one or more messages comprising one ormore configuration parameters comprising a pathloss reference signalupdate parameter that enables an activation command to update pathlossreference signals of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); andreceiving, from the wireless device and based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters comprising the pathloss reference signal updateparameter, a power headroom report computed based on a pathlossestimation of a pathloss reference signal associated with a PUSCHpathloss reference signal identifier mapped to a sounding referencesignal resource indicator (SRI)-PUSCH power control parameter set withan index equal to zero.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the powerheadroom report is a Type 1 power headroom report.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the power headroom report indicates a differencebetween a nominal maximum transmit power and an estimated power for anuplink transmission via the PUSCH.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising transmitting, to the wireless device, the activation commandmapping the PUSCH pathloss reference signal identifier to the SRI-PUSCHpower control parameter set.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein thepathloss estimation is computed based on a measurement quality of thepathloss reference signal.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the powerheadroom report is based on a reference PUSCH transmission.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or moreradio resource control (RRC) messages comprising one or more secondconfiguration parameters for the power headroom report.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the power headroom report is further computed based onthe one or more second configuration parameters.
 9. A base stationcomprising: one or more processors; and memory storing instructionsthat, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the basestation to: transmit, to a wireless device, one or more messagescomprising one or more configuration parameters comprising a pathlossreference signal update parameter that enables an activation command toupdate pathloss reference signals of a physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH); and receive, from the wireless device and based on the one ormore configuration parameters comprising the pathloss reference signalupdate parameter, a power headroom report computed based on a pathlossestimation of a pathloss reference signal associated with a PUSCHpathloss reference signal identifier mapped to a sounding referencesignal resource indicator (SRI)-PUSCH power control parameter set withan index equal to zero.
 10. The base station of claim 9, wherein thepower headroom report is a Type 1 power headroom report.
 11. The basestation of claim 9, wherein the power headroom report indicates adifference between a nominal maximum transmit power and an estimatedpower for an uplink transmission via the PUSCH.
 12. The base station ofclaim 9, wherein the instructions further cause the base station totransmit, to the wireless device, the activation command mapping thePUSCH pathloss reference signal identifier to the SRI-PUSCH powercontrol parameter set.
 13. The base station of claim 9, wherein thepathloss estimation is computed based on a measurement quality of thepathloss reference signal.
 14. The base station of claim 9, wherein thepower headroom report is based on a reference PUSCH transmission. 15.The base station of claim 9, wherein the one or more messages compriseone or more radio resource control (RRC) messages comprising one or moresecond configuration parameters for the power headroom report.
 16. Thebase station of claim 15, wherein the power headroom report is furthercomputed based on the one or more second configuration parameters.
 17. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that,when executed by one or more processors of a base station, cause thebase station to: transmit, to a wireless device, one or more messagescomprising one or more configuration parameters comprising a pathlossreference signal update parameter that enables an activation command toupdate pathloss reference signals of a physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH); and receive, from the wireless device and based on the one ormore configuration parameters comprising the pathloss reference signalupdate parameter, a power headroom report computed based on a pathlossestimation of a pathloss reference signal associated with a PUSCHpathloss reference signal identifier mapped to a sounding referencesignal resource indicator (SRI)-PUSCH power control parameter set withan index equal to zero.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 17, wherein the power headroom report is a Type 1 powerheadroom report.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 17, wherein the power headroom report indicates a differencebetween a nominal maximum transmit power and an estimated power for anuplink transmission via the PUSCH.
 20. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions furthercause the base station to transmit, to the wireless device, theactivation command mapping the PUSCH pathloss reference signalidentifier to the SRI-PUSCH power control parameter set.